Showing 12 results for Jafari
K Ghazvini, M Malek Jafarian, M.h Amouzegar,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (5 2008)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Superinfection of burn wounds is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in hospital burn units. It is crucial for every burn center to determine the pattern of microbial colonization in burn wounds and the antimicrobial sensitivity profiles. This study was carried out on patients admitted to the Burn Unit of Emam Reza University Hospital, Mashhad, with the aim of verifying the pattern of microbial colonization of burn sites and determining the antimicrobial sensitivity of the isolated bacterial species.
Materials and Methods: In this study a total of 344 samples were obtained from 126 burn patients. After isolation and identification of bacteria, we used an agar diffusion method to determine sensitivity against 14 common antibiotics.
Results: Our results showed that 27.7% of the wounds were sterile at the time of the first dressing, but the rate of contamination increased with time so that only 5% of wounds were sterile by the third week Pseudomonas aeroginosa was the most frequently isolated species (31.7%). Most of bacteria were resistant to amoxicillin ciprofloxacin and imipenem emerged as the most effective antibiotics.
Conclusion: The common occurrence of gram-negative bacilli and staphylococci together with the sensitivity patterns show that we are far from eradication of wound infections, so there is an urgent need for improved infection control practices and policies.
A Jonidi, M.r Jafaripour, M Farzadkia,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (21 2010)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Inadequate management of biomedical waste can be associated with risks to healthcare workers, patients, communities and their environment. In this study a comprehensive survey was conducted to obtain information on the management of solid wastes in Qom hospitals.
Materials and Methods: Field visits were made to 2 private and 4 governmental hospitals to collect the required information and weighing the solid wastes generated. In addition, supplementary information was collected using a modified World Health Organization questionnaire.
Results: The results showed total the average generation rate of solid waste in Qom hospitals was 3057.55 kg/day. The shares of general, infectious, sharp, and pharmaceutical and chemical solid wastes were 1523.6, 1520.6, 12.72 and 0.93 kg/day, respectively. The results on various aspects of solid waste management indicate that practices in the hospitals do not comply with the principles stated in the respective Iranian regulations. Similarly, the segregation process was inefficient. No information was available concerning the quantity and quality of solid wastes.
Conclusion: Development of suitable waste management schemes and plans are strongly recommended. In addition, establishing training programs on proper waste management for all the personnel involved (managers, physicians, nurses, workers) are essential. These actions, plus effective supervision, will result in considerable reductions in hospital solid waste disposal cost
Fariba Kiani, Hossein Samavatyan, Siamak Poorabdian, Zahra Mansournejad, Effat Jafari,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (21 2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Millions of occupational accidents and disease cases are reported from work places annually causing considerable human and financial damages. Safety training is globally considered the best strategy to mitigate these damages. In this project a safety attitude questionnaire was used to obtain the required information. The questionnaire contained items about 13 relevant variables: job conscientiousness, fatalism, leadership, safety consciousness, role overload, work pressure, job safety perception, supervisor safety perception, coworker safety perception, management safety perception, safety program and policies perception, interpersonal conflicts at work, and job involvement.
Materials and Methods: A total of 204 individuals (101 in the control and 103 in the experiment group) in the Isfahan Steel Company completed the safety attitude questionnaire. This was followed by a 4-hour safety training course attended by the experimental group. After 30 days both the experimental and control group completed the questionnaire again. Descriptive statistics and covariate analysis were used the compare the data between the 2 groups.
Results: Safety training in the workplace influenced positively the general attitude of the personnel towards safety issues. Further analysis of the data revealed that the training affected statistically significantly only safety consciousness, leadership, and management safety perception.
Conclusion: Assessment of safety attitude in the workplace and its dimensions can be used to identify those areas of safety training that need more attention and a better design.
Fatemeh Jafari, Abdolkarim Ahmadi, Mohammad Reza Amiresmaeili, Mahmood Moosazadeh,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Investigation of seasonal suicide might help in learning about the etiology of suicide committers’ behavior. Literature search indicates that a large number of preliminary studies have been carried out on this subject, in many of which seasonal and climatological aspects of suicide have been investigated. In the present study, the seasonal and time pattern of suicide incidence in Iran was determined based a systematic review.
Materials and Methods : Search was performed in the national databases, namely, SID, Iranmedex, Magiran and Medlib, as well as international databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar, using such keywords as Iran/Iranian, seasonality and suicide. The technical quality of papers was assessed using checklists. Data of each of the preliminary studies were extracted in terms of general variables and such specific variables as season, month, hour, weekdays and climatic conditions.
Results: Of a total number of 49,522 documents obtained from a primary electronic search, eventually 32 papers were included in this study. The highest numbers of suicides committed were 7 and 8 in summer and spring, respectively. Similarly, among the primary studies that had reported only the monthly occurrence of suicide, the highest rate in 7 cases was spring and 7 in summer. In most of the studies (8 cases) the highest number of suicides had taken place between 1:00 and 6:00 PM.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that suicide occurrence in Iran has a seasonal pattern, most cases committed being in spring and summer.
Fezzeh Mohammadhassani, Alireza Esfandiarinezhad, Mohammad Reza Asad, Afshar Jafari,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (6-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Considering the uncertainties about associations between orexin-A and obesity, the present study was conducted to determine the effects of 8 weeks of endurance training and high intensity interval training ( HIIT) on plasma levels of orexin-A and some anthropometric parameters in obese adolescent boys.
Materials and methods: In this semi-experimental project 35 healthy, inactive and obese boys (mean age 15.5±0.69 years, mean body mass index (BMI) = 28.72±2.20, equal to or higher than the 95th percentile) were randomly divided into three groups of equal numbers, namely, control, endurance training, and HIIT. The endurance training and the HIIT group participated in eight weeks of endurance training (25-40 minutes running per day, with an intensity 65-85% Heart Rate Reserve) and eight weeks of HIIT (30 seconds running with an intensity 90-95% Heart Rate reserve, 4-7 repetitions a day and two minutes of a rest interval with 50-55% Heart Rate reserve), three days per week, respectively. Plasma levels of orexin A, anthropometric measurements (waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage and body mass index) and VO2 max were determined before and 48 hours after the last session of the training. Data were analyzed and are reported as mean ± SD using repeated measure ANOVA (p < 0.05).
Results : Despite a decreasing trend in the plasma orexin-A level in the control and HIIT groups and its rising trend in the endurance training group, no statistically significant differences were observed between the control and experimental groups (P>0.05). However, HIIT and endurance training caused significant reductions in the anthropometric parameters such as body fat percentage (8.7%, 9.7%), body mass index (1.6%, 1.9%) and waist to hip ratio (2.7%, 2.9%), accompanied by a significant increase in the VO2 max (6.7%, 10.9%) (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Endurance training is more effective than HIIT as regards improvement in body composition of obese adolescent boys, although the changes may not be in line with changes occurring in plasma orexin-A levels. It is recommended that more studies be conducted in this area, controlling sleep, nutrition and changes due to puberty, and with longer durations of exercise.
Hashem Mohamadian, Mohammad Reza Jafari, Kambiz Ahmadi Anghali,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The prevalence of chronic diseases can be reduced by correcting people's food habits. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the explanatory power of the Expectation-Confirmation Model for the intention to continue fruit and vegetable consumption.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study included 332 elderly people with a history of receiving health care services from 8 rural health centers and 40 health houses in Abadan city, Iran in the second half of 2015. Data were analyzed by path analysis and the multicolinearity test using LISREL8.8 and SPSS16 software, respectively.
Results: Less than half (48%) of the subjects consumed 1 to 3 servings of fruit and vegetable daily. The model used could explain 79% of the intention to continue fruit and vegetable consumption. Analysis of the data also showed positive associations between the intention to continue fruit and vegetable consumption and the following variables: self-efficacy (β = 0.09, P <0.01), perceived ease of use (β = 0.15, P <0.01), perceived benefits (β = 0.37, P <0.01), and satisfaction (β = 0.35, P <0.01); however, the perceived barriers had an inverse relationship with that intention (β=-0/2, P <0.01). From among the constructs of the mode, perceived benefits were the most effective factor influencing the intention to continue fruit and vegetable consumption (β=0.85, P <0.01).
Conclusion: The model used in this study is suitable for explaining the elderly people’s intention to continue fruit and vegetable consumption. It is recommended that policy-makers use appropriate strategies to increase the understanding of the benefits of eating fruits and vegetables by the elderly and, thus, sensitize them to increase their consumption through public campaigns and communication with the relevant organizations, families, etc.
Mahdieh Keykavoos Iranag, Hadi Pashapour, Azam Jafari, Khadijeh Keshavarzian, Mahmoud Khodamoradi, Abass Ali Dorosti, Asghar Mohammadpoorasl,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Developing appropriate programs for community problem solving and community development and prosperity will be possible only after realistic identification of the community’s problems. Community health assessment is a process by which researchers and community members understand the health care system and community concerns through data collection and analysis, determining strengths and weaknesses and defining the community’s resources and demands. Basmenj is a town located 10 kilometer from the metropolitan City of Tabriz, Iran and on the verge of adjoining this metropolis. This paper reports results of the community assessment of this town.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in autumn 2017. The methodology used for community assessment was based on the eight-stage model of North Carolina. In the first seven stages the Basmenj community problems were identified and prioritized, followed, in the eighth stage, by developing an action plan for solving the problems in order of priority.
Results: Approximately 100 different problems were identified at the end of the first stage. Based on the Hanlon classification model, the top prioritized problems of the region were found to be, in that order, youth addiction, urban trashes, stray dogs, environmental pollution caused by Pars Color Company, narrowness of the main street, inner-city livestock farming, early marriage among girls, wastewater problems, youth unemployment, and high consumption and self-administration of anti-biotics.
From among these problems, the urban trashes problem was studied briefly. Factors playing a role in its causation were found to be as follows: lack of waste reduction and waste sorting programs, low citizens’ knowledge about trash gathering, absence of an appropriate urbane wastewater system, and, finally, lack of participation of citizens and the private sector in trash gathering and burying
Conclusion: A wide range of social, cultural and economic problems was identified. The top priority was found to be focusing on problems related to urban trashes. However, it should be noted that solving all the community problems identified requires the co-operation and support of all the governmental organizations, as well as involvement of the community at large.
Maryam Jafarimanesh, Kianoosh Zahrakar, Davood Taghvaei, Zabih Pirani,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Burnout in couples is a gradual and rarely sudden process in which intimacy and love gradually fade and general fatigue becomes apparent. On the other hand, most marital therapy interventions seek to reduce marital conflict. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on marital burnout in couples with marital conflicts.
Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design and a control group with a 45-day follow-up. The statistical population included all the couple with marital conflicts referring to the counseling centers in Karaj city, Iran in 2019. The sample was a group of 14 couples who had got a score of over 111 in the marital-conflicts questionnaire, assigned randomly to an experimental (n = 7) or a control (n = 7) group. The experimental groups received an acceptance and commitment therapy (twelve 90-minutes sessions), but the control group received no intervention and remained in the waiting list. Data were collected using the marital-conflicts questionnaire of Barati and Sanaee (1994) and analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures and the Bonferroni post-hoc test.
Results: Analysis of the data showed that the acceptance and commitment therapy significantly decreased marital burnout in the couples, and the results were found to be consistent enough in the follow-up period (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be said that acceptance and commitment therapy can be used as an intervention option in decreasing marital problems.
Mohammad Javad Kabir, Alireza Heidari, Nahid Jafari, Zahra Khatirnamani, Mohammad Reza Honarvar, Naser Behnampour,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Using a proper method to prioritize and develop a basic health services package is a serious challenge. This study was conducted to design a process for developing and revising a basic health services package in Iran.
Materials and Methods: A combined study of quantitative and qualitative methods was used in this study. The qualitative part was conducted through holding 25 in-depth individual interviews and two focus group discussions with experts from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Program and Budget Organization and insurance organizations, while the quantitative part was a descriptive cross-sectional study including 277 experts using a valid and reliable questionnaire. Data analysis of the qualitative and quantitative parts was done using a content analysis and the SPSS-23 software, respectively.
Results: The process of developing a basic health services package includes 4 steps, namely, explaining the list of services in the basic health services package, extracting the criteria for including services in the service package, prioritizing the criteria for including services in the package, and comparing services with priority criteria. In the prioritization stage, disease burden criteria, target groups and community needs were found to have the highest means and recognized as the most important criteria.
Conclusion: The process designed in this study for developing and revising a basic health services package provides policymakers with the required scientific evidence by emphasizing the introduction and continuity of services that have higher priorities and the elimination of services that have lower priorities.
Ali Mohammad Mosadeghrad, Tina Taherkhani, Shayan Shojaei, Matin Jafari, Sara Mohammadi, Alireza Emamzadeh, Shahrzad Akhavan,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (6-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Primary health care is a holistic approach that aims to maximize people's health and well-being as quickly as possible in their immediate living environment. The primary health care system is the first point of contact of the people with the health system. Therefore, increasing its resilience will play a significant role in controlling and managing pandemics. This research aimed to identify strategies to strengthen the resilience of the primary health care system in the Covid-19 pandemic.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using the scoping review method. Using appropriate keywords search was done on the subject of the study in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SID, Iranmedex and Magiran databases and Google and Google Scholar search engines. Finally, after screening and reviewing the titles, abstracts and texts of the retrieved documents, 36 articles were selected and strategies to strengthen the resilience of the primary health care system in the Covid-19 pandemic were extracted from them.
Results: A total of 48 strategies/solutions were extracted to strengthen the resilience of the primary health care system, categorized into 6 groups, namely, governance and leadership, financing, human resources, medicines and equipment, health information systems, and health service delivery. Among the most frequently solutions mentioned were the following: Dynamic and accountable leadership, using valid research evidence in policy-making, contingency planning, increasing inter-sectoral cooperation, advocacy for health policies, community involvement, sustainable financing, recruiting additional staff and training and supporting them, providing sufficient stocks of medicines and diagnostic kits, developing and modernizing public health information systems, facilitating people's access to health centers, continuing to provide health services, and increasing the community’s health literacy.
Conclusion: The structural and process components of the primary health care system including "governance and leadership", "financing", "staff", "equipment, vaccines and medicines", "information" and "health care delivery" should be strengthened in a coordinated manner in the primary health care system to be prepared for future epidemics.
Elham Fatholahi, Mohammad Jafari,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Products such as tobacco are considered harmful to human life due to the fact that they contribute greatly to mortality around the world. Tobacco use kills more than eight million people worldwide annually. This has necessitated the imposition of taxes on such harmful products with the aim of reducing their demand and, thus, guaranteeing the increase in the health of the population in Iran.
Materials and Methods: Using the tobacco tax as a proxy for the tax on harmful products and the death rate as an indicator of the general health of the population, this study investigated the effect of the tax on harmful products on the health of the population in 30 provinces of Iran between 2007 and 2018. For this purpose, the dynamic panel generalized moment method (GMM) using Eviews 10 and stata17 software was used as an experimental estimation technique.
Results: Analysis of the data collected revealed that the tax on harmful products can help promote the health of the population, since the government can use the additional income thus generated to improve the health of the population. These findings support the World Health Organization's justification that taxes on harmful products, especially on tobacco, not only can reduce their consumption, but also can help to promote health outcomes. In addition, increasing the tax on cigarettes, which is considered the most important and key strategy by the World Health Organization, will lead to spending the resulting income on improving health and educational infrastructure, health centers, emergency services, etc.
Conclusion: In general, the more a government spends on health care, the more the health of the population and, consequently, the higher the life expectancy of the population. Regarding the effects of prices/and taxes on smoking or tobacco consumption on the mortality reduction in Iran, if the taxes imposed on harmful products are increased and the resulting additional funds are used and effectively administered to meet the recommendations of the World Health Organization, better desirable outcomes will result in the health of the population as compared to those observed in this study. In addition, the policymakers should start actions that will help promote economic growth, because this will increase the health of the population. Moreover, actions and efforts aiming to increase the population growth rate should be accompanied by significant investments in the health sector.
Elham Fatholahi, Mohammad Jafari,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In recent years the interrelationships among environment, energy and health have attracted increasing attention due to their significant impact on human health. This study aimed to investigate the complex interactions among environment, economy, development, energy and the health outcomes in Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this research the annual national data in Iran between 1981 and 2021 were used, using the fully modified least squares cointegration. The following variables affecting life expectancy at birth were included in the analysis: renewable energy consumption, health costs, air pollution, female literacy rate, inflation rate, Gini coefficient, GDP per capita, financial development and fossil fuel consumption.
Results: Data analysis showed the following: 1. financial development positively affects life expectancy with a coefficient of 0.037 ; 2. CO2 emissions and fossil fuel consumption decrease life expectancy by 0.015 and 1.02, respectively; 3. Renewable energy consumption and health expenses have improved life expectancy in Iran with positive coefficients of 0.025 and 0.035, respectively.
Conclusion: To improve health care outcomes action should be taken in the following areas: increasing health expenditures, increasing the use of renewable energy, reducing the use of fossil fuels, strengthening long-term financial development for easier access to medical treatments, decreasing disease risk, healthier lifestyles, and environmental quality improvement. In addition, as regards policy-making, planning to improve economic indicators can provide the basis for demand for healthy and educational goods and improve the health status of the society.
