Showing 7 results for Jalali
B Sahargahi , A Jazayeri , M Jalali , A Keshavarz , M Mahmoodi ,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (3 2006)
Abstract
Background and Aim: At the outset of the third millennium, vitamin D deficiency is still a common and serious health problem among women of reproductive age and their infants in developing countries.
Precise information on the vitamin D status of urban lactating women in Islamabad -Gharb is not available. But it seems that, like in other areas of Iran, vitamin D deficiency may be common in this region.
The aim of this study was to determine the vitamin D status in urban lactating women and its association with the following variables: number of pregnancies, total duration of lactation, length of exposure to sunlight, and literacy.
Materials and Methods: Using a simple random sampling technique, a total of 155 lactating women with children under the age of 1 year were selected from 8 urban health clinics.
In the interview, the subjects answered questions on the above-mentioned independent variables and fasting blood samples were taken for analysis.
The concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in serum was measured by a chemiluminescence method.
Normal status was defined as concentration of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D serum ≥ 10 ng/ml, moderate deficiency as concentration ≥ 6ng/ml and <10 ng/ml, and severe vitamin D deficiency as concentration of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D < 6 ng/ml.
Results: The results indicate that only 8.4% of women were normal, 18.7% had moderate deficiency, and 72.9% had severe vitamin D deficiency.
The vitamin D status had a statistically significantly negative association with the number of pregnancies and the total duration of lactation.
Conclusion: The vitamin D status of urban lactating women is very poor and needs immediate attention.
Sa Keshavarz , M Ramezanipour , M Jalali , Mr Eshraghian , H Sadrzade Yeganeh ,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (27 2008)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Body mass index (BMI) is a generally accepted indicator of body weight and obesity. A BMI>30 indicates obesity, which is regarded as a risk factor for many diseases, because their pathogeneses are associated with increasing numbers of free radicals derived from oxygen. The present study was a clinical trial carried out in order to study the effects of weight loss on enzymatic antioxidants and its association with dietary intakes of copper, zinc, iron, selenium and, magnesium in obese women.
Materials and Methods: Thirty obese women, 19-50 years old, of whom informed consent was obtained, were included in the study. Information was collected on their general characteristics, and anthropometric measurements were made. A diet with a 500- to 1000-calorie deficit was recommended to the subjects, on the basis of micronutrient intakes estimated through a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire 3 days before and after the intervention. The aim was to bring about a weight loss of 10%. A 10-ml blood sample was taken from each subject, before and after intervention, for enzymatic measurement of enzymatic antioxidants in the red blood cells.
Results: Weight loss caused a significant increase (p<0.01) in the mean glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) no statistically significant change occurred in the mean values of superoxide dismutase (SOD) or glutathione peroxidase (GPX). The only association between the enzymes and trace elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg, Se) was a negative linear correlation between daily zinc intake and GPX before intervention (r=0.395, p<0.05)
Conclusion: A 10% reduction in body weight might be an effective step toward increasing levels of enzymatic antioxidants which would minimize injuries caused by free radicals and reduce oxidative stress in obese women. Attention should be paid to the dietary intakes of micronutrients essential for the activities of these enzymes.
H Kashani, M Mahmoodi, H Zeraati, A Rahimi, A Jalali,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (20 2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Many researchers have studied survival (time to death) of gastric cancer patients. Although gastric cancer diagnosed in early stages can be cured by surgery, chance of relapse still exists after operation. Hence, we should consider both events, that is, relapse of the disease and death, in order to be able to make a more precise estimation for survival of the patients. The purpose of this study was to use the competing risks method to estimate the cumulative incidence functions (CIF) of the relapse of disease and death and consequently to estimate the postoperative disease-free survival.
Materials and Methods: A total of 330 patients admitted to Iran Cancer Institute and operated between March 1995 and March 1999 were enrolled in the study. They were followed up for at least 5 years to estimate their 5-year disease-free survival. Information on their demographic, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics, as well as on the type and time of occurrence of the first event (relapse of disease or death) after surgery was collected from their medical records. The direct parametric method was applied to estimate CIFs of relapse of the disease and death, while to adjust the effects of some covariates the parametric regression model was used. Data analysis was done using the R software and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The findings were compared with the results obtained on the basis of data analysis in which the competing events were not considered.
Results: The median follow-up time was 37.9 months. Of all the patients 13% experienced relapse and 60.9% death as the first event after surgery. The CIFs of relapse of disease and death 5 years after operation, with due consideration of covariates, were estimated at 11.0% and 68.6%, respectively. Age, stage of disease, and complementary treatment were statistically associated with the CIF of death, while only complementary treatment was related to the CIF of relapse. Older patients and those in more advanced stages of disease were more likely to die after operation. Moreover, while complementary treatment after operation decreased the CIF of relapse of disease, it increased the CIF of death. The disease-free survival of patients 5 years after surgery was 20.(consideringtheeffectsofsomecovariates).
Conclusion: The competing risks method is recommended for analyzing survival data because of its capability in considering different events and, therefore, making it possible to make more precise estimations. By using this method, considering smaller variance estimates for model parameters and also narrow confidence intervals for the cumulative incidence functions of competing events, it is expected to obtain more precise results. Unfortunately, the results have revealed that the disease-free survival of gastric cancer patients is low in Iran.
Mitra Hariri, Abolghasem Jazayery, Mahmoud Jalali, Abbas Rahimi, Ebrahim Abdollahian,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (6 2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: There is evidence showing that increased inflammatory mediators and reduced serum levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids may be present in patients with neurodevelopment and psychiatric disorders, e.g. attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. (ADHD). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on hyperactivity, attention deficit, and serum inflammatory mediators in children with ADHD
Materials and Methods: This was an 8-week randomized double-blind clinical trial. The participants were 103 6 to12-year old children with ADHD receiving effective maintenance therapy, who were assigned randomly to receive either a daily omega-3 supplement (635 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 195 mg docosahexaenoic acid (intervention group) or a placebo visually similar to the omega-3 capsules (placebo group). The serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined at baseline and at the end of the period. In addition, the abbreviated 10-item Conners parent rating scale (CPRS) was completed for each child before and after the intervention.
Results: The intervention brought about statistically significant reductions in the levels of CRP and IL-6 and a significant improvement in the CPRS score in the omega-3 group.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation can have desirable effects on hyperactivity, attention deficit and inflammatory mediators in children with ADHD.
Ali Malekshahi Moghadam, Ahmad Saedi Someolia, Mahmoud Jalali, Fereshteh Sojoudi,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (6 2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Omega-3 fatty acids can reduce inflammation in diabetic patients via special mechanisms. The objective the current study was to investigate the effects dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in type 2 diabetes patients.
Materials and Methods: This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 57 subjects with type-2 diabetes. The participants were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups receiving either an omega-3 fatty acid supplement (containing 1584 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, 828 mg docosahexaenoic acid, and 338 mg other omega-3 fatty acids) or a placebo tablet (containing 2100 mg sunflower oil) for a period of 8 weeks.
Results: The serum TNF-α and IL-2 concentrations decreased significantly in the omega-3 fatty acid group in comparison with the placebo group (in both cases, p<0.01). The intervention did not bring about any statistically significant changes in the serum CRP concentrations.
Conclusion: Considering the beneficial effects of omega-3 dietary fatty acid supplements on the 2 inflammatory biomarkers, namely TNF-α and IL-2, type-2 diabetes patients are recommended to consume such supplements or foodstuffs rich in omega-3 fatty acids, e.g., fish.
Ehsaneh Taheri, Mahmoud Jalali, Ahmad Saedi, Abolghasem Jazayeri, Abbas Rahimi, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (13 2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in Asia, including the Middle East. Vitamin D deficiency has been found to have an inverse relationship with occurrence of type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM). In this study we assessed the vitamin D and calcium status in type-2 diabetic patients and compared it with that of healthy subjects in Tehran, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 180 Tehrani individuals, including 95 DM patients, selected randomly from among the members of Iranian Diabetes Association, and 85 healthy subjects in Tehran, Iran. Age and gender were adjusted between the two groups. Serum levels of 25(OH)-vitamin D, calcium, phosphorous, and Parathormone (PTH), as well as weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were measured.
Results: The mean and SD age and BMI of the diabetic patients were 51.26 ± 11.18 years and 26.22 ± 9.30 kg/m2, respectively the corresponding figures for the healthy subjects were 51.55 ± 13.39 and 26.26 ± 4.55. The prevalence of calcium deficiency was close in the 2 groups, it being 55.8% in the diabetic, and 57.0% in the healthy, subjects. The data also showed that while 26.3% of the patients suffered from a poor vitamin D status, only 18.6% of the healthy subjects had this problem.
Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among both type-2 diabetic and healthy subjects and should be considered a public health and nutritional problem in Tehran city, Iran.
Mahsa Ghavipour, Ahmad Saedisomeolia, Mahmoud Jalali, Giti Sotoudeh, Mohammadreza Eshraghyan,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (24 2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Tomatoes are the richest source of lycopene, a potent antioxidant. Tomato products improve antioxidant defenses and reduce the risk of inflammatory diseases, at least partly due to the presence of lycopene. Lycopene, as an anti-inflammatory agent, prevents the production of inflammatory cytokines. Obesity is a chronic inflammatory condition in which the increased level of body fat leads to an increase in circulating inflammatory mediators. We hypothesized that the consumption of a lycopene-rich food would reduce inflammation in people with overweight or obesity.
Materials and Methods: One hundred and six overweight or obese female students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were enrolled and randomly allocated to an intervention group (n=53) or a control group (n=53), consuming 330 ml/day of tomato juice or water respectively, for 20 days. At baseline and day 20, serum concentrations of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α and high sensitivity C-reactive protein were analyzed by ELISA and compared between groups.
Results: Serum concentrations of interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α decreased significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group and compared to the baseline. Subgroup analysis indicated that this effect was confined to subjects who were overweight. Among obese subjects, serum interleukin-6 concentration was decreased in the intervention group compared to the control group, with no observed differences in interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α.
Conclusion: Tomato juice reduces inflammation in overweight and obese females. Thus, increasing tomato intake may provide a useful approach for reducing the risk of inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, associated with obesity.
