Showing 6 results for Karami
M.h Forouzanfar, M Karami, A Fotouhi, R Majdzadeh, P Jamali,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (13 2009)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Amblyopia is an important cause of weak vision and blindness. A preliminary study on validity of the current screening program in Shahrood City's kindergartens showed that this method may not be efficient enough, especially because of low sensitivity and referral problems. We tried to compare efficiencies and costs of screening by trained staff and optometrists in detecting patients.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis using the decision-tree method. We replaced nurses with optometrists to compare costs per detected case by the two screening methods. The number of detected cases and costs per each detected case are compared. Also, the cost-effectiveness of four criteria screening examinations (with different validities) used by optometrists was estimated.
Results: Costs per case detected by optometrists and by current screening methods were 270000 and 556000 Rails (Rs), respectively (with baseline examination criteria and 6.4% prevalence). With a lower prevalence of amblyopic patients, CER (cost-effectiveness ratio) will increase in both methods, but the increase in the current screening method is less than the optometric method. In the optometrist method, avoidable costs and savings per detected case vary from 250000 Rs at a prevalence of 7.4% to 1185000 Rs at a prevalence of 1.4%. Sensitivity analysis showed that costs of "monitoring of screening" in the optometrists method and costs of "follow up in the current screening method" have strong effects on CER CER will decrease by 9.6% and 15%, respectively, if this costs decrease to 25%.
Conclusion: The cost, per detected case, of screening amblyopia by optometrists in kindergartens is half that by the current method. In areas with a low prevalence, the efficiency of screening by using optometrists increases remarkably.
Sara Shah Abadi, Mohammad Reza Saidi, Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Hazavehei, Saeid Bashiriyan, Manouchehr Karami, Behjat Marzbani,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of death worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the most important behavioral (inadequate nutrition, low physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption) and non-behavioral (stress, high blood sugar, dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity) risk factors for CVD among CVD patients hospitalized in Kermanshah Heart Hospital. This was a needs assessment study aiming at designing interventions for reducing CVD risk factors.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study 402 CAD patients (60.4% males and 39.6% females) were selected by consecutive sampling from among those hospitalized in Imam Ali Hospital for the first time. Data were collected using the Iranian version of WHO Stepwise questionnaire and the patients’ files and analyzed using the SPSS-16 software.
Results: The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 54.2 (±8.8) years. About 73% of them had a poor diet and 46.5% had low physical activity; in addition, 36% of the men had consumed alcohol in the previous year and 26.1% were smokers. Non-behavioral risk factors were quite common too. The proportions of the patients suffering from diabetes, hypertension and overweight-plus-obesity and abdominal obesity were 49.3%, 48.0%, 54.7% and 61.0%, respectively. Finally, 43.3% of the patients had high stress, 31.0% were hypertriglyceridemic and in another 21% hypercholesterolemia was seen.
Conclusion: Based on the findings it can be concluded that, as compared to other risk factors, imbalanced nutrition was more prevalent common among the patients. Another major risk factor was obesity, particularly abdominal obesity. In addition, blood glucose disorders were more common than dyslipidemia.
Bahareh Karimi, Sahar Khanaki, Leyla Ma’mani, Seyed Mostafa Khezri, Asghar Karami,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Agricultural poisons are one of the most important groups of pollutants in agricultural industries that cause environmental pollution. The main objective of this research was to remove imidacloprid from contaminated water by using modified magnetic-silica core-shell nanoparticles.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at the laboratory scale and batch system. The physical and structural characteristics of the synthesized adsorbent were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the effects of various parameters such as pH, initial concentration of imidacloprid, adsorbent dose, and contact time were investigated in order to determine the equilibrium isotherms and adsorption kinetics. The potential of the adsorbent for removal of imidacloprid showed no significant change after four runs of the reaction.
Results: The highest efficiency was found to be 97.85 %, achieved at the following conditions: a contact time of 67 minutes, an adsorbent dose of 0.06 g/l, an initial concentration of 15.6 mg/l and a pH of 6.5. The correlation coefficient of Langmuir isotherm (R2=0.9843) was higher than that of Freundlich (R2=0.8). Therefore, the Langmuir isotherm model is hereby introduced to be used for predicting the adsorption behavior of imidacloprid onto the nano-adsorbent from an aqueous medium. The reaction kinetics fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model.
Conclusion: A modified magnetic-silica core-shell nanoparticle is a cost-effective and recoverable adsorbent for efficient removal of imidacloprid from contaminated water.
Saeid Ebrahimi, Mohammad Khammarnia, Nasrin Porvazn, Mahnaz Karamipur, Hajar Jamshidzahi, Fatemeh Setoodezadeh, Mostafa Peyvand,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The Internet is a strong and multimedia technology that meets the most basic needs of human beings; however, this new technology can have great negative effects on people's lives. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Internet addiction and its relationship with quality of sleep and quality of life among students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Zahedan in 2017.The study population included all the students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. A sample of 340 students were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using three World Health Organization questionnaires, namely, quality of sleep, Internet addiction and quality of life questionnaires, and analyzed using SPSS (v22), the statistical tests being ANOVA and linear regression test and T-test.
Results: Data analysis showed that Internet addiction and the quality of life among the students were mild (43 ± 15) and desirable (78.4± 1.6), respectively. However, the sleep Quality Index for 282 students (82.9%) was not desirable. There were statistically significant associations (p<0.05) between the place of residence on the one hand and Internet addiction, quality of sleep and quality of life on the other.
Conclusion: Based on the findings it can be concluded that Internet addiction has a negative effect on the quality of sleep and quality of life of the students. The students need to pay more attention to the use of the Internet. It is also recommended that behavioral and cognitive intervention be designed and implemented aiming at teaching the students proper use of the computer and the Internet.
Amin Bagherikerachi, Hossein Aflakifard, Malihe Karami,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (3-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: This study investigated the role of teachers' assessment of school environment health in predicting their mental health and happiness.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population was a group of 254 primary school teachers in the city of Darab, Iran, from whom a sample of 160 was selected by stratified sampling. Happiness and mental health were measured using the Oxford and Gildberg questionnaires, respectively, and teacher’s assessment of environmental health was determined using a researcher-made questionnaire, all the questionnaires being valid and reliable.
Results: On the whole, 57.23 %, 37.73% and 5.00% of the teachers judged the school environment health to be desirable, moderate and undesirable, respectively. As regards the teachers’ assessment of the school environmental heath, there were statistically significant differences between male and female teachers, local and nonlocal teachers, their field of study (primary education and other fields), schools for boys and for girls, their previous knowledge of health, type of employment (life tenure versus others), and whether they were teaching in health promoting or ordinary schools (p<0.05). The teachers assessment of school environmental health was significantly correlated with happiness and mental health (p<0.0001); their assessment of environmental health could predict 19.8% of happiness changes and 10.2% of mental health changes.
Conclusion: Judgment of the school environment health by teachers as unfavorable would affect their happiness and mental health.
Maryam Tajvar, Mehdi Yaseri, Roya Mahmoudi, Badriyeh Karami,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (9-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: “Active ageing” is the process of optimizing opportunities for health, participation and security of the elderly in order to enhance their quality of life. This study aimed to measure the Active Ageing Index (AAI) in Tehran at the individual level and determine its determinants.
Materials and Methods: This quantitative cross-sectional study included 590 old people 55 years old and above, selected by randomized cluster sampling and interviewed at their homes in various areas of Tehran. The AAI tool, which includes 4 domains ─ employment, participation, secure/safe life and an empowering environment ─ and 22 indicators was used to measure active ageing. The association between individual characteristics of older people and their AAI scores was determined using the mixed-effect linear regression analysis method, with the STATA software.
Results: The overall AAI score in Tehran was found to be 26.8 out of 100, it being 33.9 and 20.6 for men and women, respectively. Being a women, older, poorer, and living alone or in a large family resulted in significantly lower AAI scores as compared to being a man, younger, richer, living with others, and living in a smaller family.
Conclusion: Iranian older people, particularly women, are experiencing relatively inactive lives. Their AAI scores are particularly low in the third and fourth domains. Considering the high rate of population aging in Iran, providing a safe environment for an active life for the elderly, particularly for the groups found to have a less active life, is a top priority.
