M Kargar , M Sarijlou , H Tabatabaei , F Abbassian , M Kargar , Sh Shahmahmoodi , K Holakouie Naieni , M Karimlo , M Nateghpour , H Sedighi , R Khavarinegad , T Mokhtari Azad, R Nategh ,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (3 2005)
Abstract
Human Enteroviruses replicate in gastrointestinal tract and are excreted to the sewage system through feces, so isolation of Enteroviruses from sewage can be considered as a sensitive indicator for virus cirulation in society. They are originally given the name of Enteroviruses, but the inadequacy of this term became apparent when some Coxackie and Echoviruses were also found in acute respiratory infections. Therefore, these viruses can produce acute or paraclinical infecions, the shedding of virus is more than 1010 virus per each gram of feaces.
In this study, 63 sewage samples were obtained from the 6 main sewage disposal systems in Tehran by grab sampling: Direct, Pellet, Two–phase methods in 2 sensitive cell lines (Hep2 & RD) and neutralization test were used to determine Enterovirus circulation in one year. None-Typable Enteroviruses, E11 and E25 were isolated more frequently than other Entroviruses. Out of 63 sewege specimens, we isolated 13 (20.63%), 25 (39.68%) & 27 (42.83%) Enteroviruses by Direct, Pellet and Two-phase methods respectively.
M Karimlou , K. Mohammad , M. R Meskhani , G.r Jandaghi , K Nouri , E Pasha , K Azam ,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (3 2006)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Logistic regression is an analytic tool widely used in medical and epidemiologic research. In many studies, we face data sets in which some of the data are not recorded. A simple way to deal with such "missing data" is to simply ignore the subjects with missing observations, and perform the analysis on cases for which complete data are available.
Materials and Methods: We consider methods for analyzing logistic regression models with complete data recorded for some covariates (Z) but missing data for other covariates (X). When data on X are Missing At Random (MAR), we present a likelihood approach for the observed data that allows the analysis as if the data were complete.
Results: By this approach, estimation of parameters is done using both Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods through the Markov Chain Monte Carlo numerical computation scheme and the results are compared.
The illustrative example considered in this article involves data from lung auscultations as part of a Health Survey in Tehran.
Conclusion: In comparing different methods, Bayesian estimates using the model described in this study are much closer to those generated by analysis of the full data by the standard model.
M Karimlou , K Mohammad , K Azam , M.a Noorbala ,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (2 2007)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The present article attempts to define the current trend for age at first marriage, based on the nationwide Health Survey of 1999 and using the Brass model.
Material and Methods: The national Health survey was conducted in 1999 and involved 1/1000 of the total population, selected via cluster sampling (clusters of 8 households each).
The sample used for the present study consisted of 16000 women aged 15-49, including 3026 women in Tehran province. Variables used for analysis were current age, marital status, age at first marriage and residential area (urban/rural). The mean age at first marriage for married women was 17.8 years (sd=3.7) for the whole country, and 18.2 years (sd=3.7) for Tehran province.
Results: The Brass model fitted to the data revealed a significant decreasing trend for the proportion of married women in all age groups, especially in the 15-19 year-old category.
Conclusion: This obviously indicates an upward trend for age at first marriage.
