Journal of School of Public Health and

In this study we employed two methods for gauging the sensitivity of B. germanica strains to organophosphorus insecticides: an in-vivo bioassay that used linear regression analysis (with mortality on a probit scale and logarithm of concentration) and an in-vitro enzyme assay.
In the bioassay method, B. germanica nymphs of stage 1 (2-3 days old) were exposed to patches of paper impregnated with 2% diazinon and propoxur. Compared to the sensitive (reference) strains, all but one of the tested strains showed resistance to diazinonzinon with resistance ratios of 0.97 to 1.67. As for propoxur, all strains were sensitive with the exception of one subject that showed a resistance ratio of 1.6. The enzyme assays used common esterase and acetylcholine esterase methods. Comparison of in-vivo and in-vitro tests on stage 1 nymphs of B. germanica shows that both methods are reasonably sensitive in measuring resistance/sensitivity ratios. In addition, the bioassay modality makes it possible to gauge the degree of insecticide sensitivity while the in-vitro method can only determine quantitative or qualitative changes in enzymes effected by carbamates and organophosphates. This study is the first of its kind, conducted by the school of Public Health in Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

  Background and Aim: Malaria remains an important vector-borne disease globally and is a threat for human life. Forty percent of the world’s populations who are living in low-income countries are at risk of malaria. The disease exists in Iran and caused economic and social damages. As result of malaria control program that has been done during the past years, the disease is eliminated from the most parts of the country, so that it is only reporting from a small part in these years.

  Materials and Methods : During this study, all available papers, books and thesises were reviewed and articles from Iranmedex, DIS and PubMed databanks were also used. Furthermore the related reports from different sources were noted.

  The extensive studies have important information about malaria vectors. In this study the data about malaria vectors and related training courses are listed. During this study the related papers, Books and thesises which have been reviewed.

  Although efforts, surveillance system, diagnostic and treatment facilities, as well as knowledge and attitude of peoples regarding to health behavior are improved nowadays, there are significant improvements about decreasing the malaria cases. Risk of the disease exists because of population exchange and asymptomatic cases. The malaria can be studied with both public health and economical aspects. This paper represents entomological studies of malaria during 1935 by the end of 2008.

  Conclusion: our study revealed that, based on recent malaria national program, the authorities should make an emphasis on vector control monitoring, resistance management, malaria evaluation and because of weak supervision on all malaria operation at stage of elimination of malaria, accurate and careful suppersional require to reach the objective and goal of elimination.

  Background and Aim: specific and scientific study in the field of malaria in Iran commenced simultaneouoly with establishing the Instituted of Malariology in Tehran University. Subsequently the Institute was changed to school of Public Health and Institute of Public Health. Research which this new situation resulted in increasing studies and researches in the field of malaria based on three main items as entomology and vector control, parasitology and epidemiology. Historical study of malaria prepares a worthy opportunity to remind the pioneers and those who dedicated their life for combating malaria. In this study the situation of published papers, prepared theses by Iranian researchers and specific training and fresher training courses in the filed of malaria parasitology during the last fifty years were considered.

  Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a retrospective study based on the collecting all available data from internal and external electronic sources, papers, books, reports, theses. Moreover, some interviews were made with relevant knowledgeable individuals, in the field of malaria parasitology in Iran.

  Results: In this study 143 papers in the field of malaria parasitology were collected in Persian and English languages. Thirty five MSPH, MPH, PhD these and forty four specific courses were recorded as well.

  Conclusion: The collected data indicating the correct comprehension of Iranian researchers from importance of malaria infection and its parasitology in Iran. The facts also show that specific training and retraining of malaria microscopy played considerable role in the control of malaria in Iran.