Showing 13 results for Rezaei
M Rezaeian ,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (2 2005)
Abstract
Spatial autocorrelation statistics provide summary information about the spatial arrangement of data in a map. In fact, these statistics compare neighboring area values in order to assess the level of large scale clustering. Whenever a large number of neighboring areas have either relatively large or relatively small values, large scale clustering may be detected. Detecting such clustering is a very important issue because failure to take into account the spatial dependency of the data may bias the association between mortality and morbidity rates and their risk factors and erroneously suggest a direct relationship between them. The present article, therefore, explains the two most commonly used spatial autocorrelation statistics for continuous data including morbidity and mortality rates.
A.r Bahonar , H Rashidi , S Simani , A Fayaz , A.a Haghdoost , M Rezaei-Nassab , M.a Rad ,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (2 2007)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Rabies is one of the oldest and most serious zoonoses in the world. In Iran, the disease has been reported from most of the provinces and among domestic as well as wild animals. This study was conducted in the province of Kerman and aimed to assess the frequency and epidemiological features of suspected and confirmed animal rabies cases from 1993 to 2003.
Material and Methods: During the study period, all cases of suspected animals (brain specimens) had sent to Pasteur institute of Iran for pathological (Negri bodies) examinations. After collecting data on variables such as species of animal, city, season, annual rainfall and temperature, analysis was performed by calculation of Pearson correlation coefficient and Chi square, Fisher's exact, Students's t and Kolmogorov Smirnov tests using the SPSS package (ver.11.5).
Results: From 362 suspected brain samples, 301 (83.1%) had positive serologic and pathological results. We recorded an ascending trend over the study period (p=0.01). The effect of seasonal variations on the frequency of suspected and confirmed cases of animal rabies was significant (p<.001): most cases occurred in winter and fall. The relative frequencies of confirmed cases among the animals were as follows: As for domestic animals, the infection rate in cows was 81.45 % sheep and goats 10.63% dogs and cats, 4 % camels 1.33% and donkeys, 0.7%. Among wild animals (foxes, mongooses, wolves and jackals) the rate was 1.89%. Among wild animals, the total infection rate was 60 %. Concerning the role of predatory animals in the transmission of rabies to domestic animals, among the cases which had been confirmed (28 cases), the predator species were: foxes 50%, wolves 7%, mongooses and jackals 3%. Considering the relationship between frequency of animal rabies and ecological variations in the province of Kerman, the results of this survey showed that there is some correlation between decreased rainfall (drought) and the resurgence of animal rabies (r=0.34, P=0.001).
Conclusion: The increasing number of stray dogs and the migration of these and wild animals to cities and villages could be an important factor in the spread of rabies in the region. Among various predatory species, the role of foxes in disease transmission merits further investigation.
F Rezaei, R Majdzadeh, S Nedjat, B Golestan,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (5 2008)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cigarette smoking is a global problem, but is decreasing in most developed countries. Reports from the East Mediterranean show that unlike the 5 other WHO regions, cigarette smoking has not decreased in this particular zone. There is a vital need to address the problem, especially in the adolescent population. This qualitative study looks at the motives behind the smoking tendency in boys aged 13-15.
Materials and Methods: The study consisted of 6 focus group discussions performed in Tehran orientation (intermediate) schools participants were male students aged 13 to 15 years. Purposeful sampling was used to draw in participants who were willing and able to take part in the group discussions. Each group was composed of 6-8 students, whose voices were recorded to determine themes and subthemes.
Results: Family and social factors have a more prominent role in creating the smoking tendency compared to individual factors. The most important elements are family history of smoking, having friends who smoke, poor parental control, conflicts at home, divorced parents, failure to consult with parents, easy availability and relative cheapness of cigarettes, and lack of information.
Conclusion: Serious attention must be paid to the social and family factors in the initiation of the smoking habit. Social and political institutions must come up with effective programs to control the social and family factors that have a role in creating the smoking tendency.
S Jorfi, N Jaafarzadeh, R Rezaei Kalantary, Y Hashempur, M.m Mehrbani Ardakani,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (7 2009)
Abstract
Background and Aim: High concentrations of organic compounds and ammonia and entry of toxic pollutants lead to a low efficiency of direct biological treatment of landfill leachate. The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of a repeated fed-batch biological reactor with powdered active carbon (PAC) for landfill leachate treatment.
Methods and Materials: Raw leach ate was pretreated by coagulation and flocculation processes and, then, the ammonia was removed by air stripping at a high pH, before biological treatment. The pretreated leach ate was treated bio-treated in an aeration tank by the repeated fed-batch method. Three cycles of 1×40, 5×8, and 4×10 hours were attempted in the absence and presence of 2 g PAC /L.
Results: Results indicate that the presence of PAC increased the COD removal efficiency significantly. The initial COD effluent was 3900 mg/L. Its values were 169 mg/L and 622 mg/L in the presence and absence of 2 g/L PAC, respectively, for the cycle of 5×8 h.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study and findings of other investogations in this field, it can be concluded that repeated fed-batch bio-reactor has is quite effective for treatment of pretreated leachate.
Behrooz Yazdan Panah, Mitra Safari, Farah Bahreini, Farzad Vafaee, Mohsen Salari, Mehran Yousefi, Masoud Rezaei, Ali Hosseini, Mohammad Habibian, Farid Moradian,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (8-2013)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Current traditional research methods for solving social problems were challenged due to limited participation of community . The health companion project was carried out with the aim of determining effective model of community participation for solving health problems in Boyerahmad and Dena township. .
Materials and Methods : This study is a community based participatory research performed in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad province 2005-2009.The study population was the entire rural and urban households of Boyerahmad and Dena county.The strategic committee of project including academic researchers, managers of health and health related sectors was formed and this committee selected six regions for research activities. In each region local directing group "health companion " was established with participation of stakeholders: academic researchers, local leaders, health providers and public representatives to guide all aspects of project. The members of the group empowered and enabled by attending training workshops for need assessment, priority setting, research methodology that through these activities the health problem priorities of the regions were recognized, the research area determined and intervention programs were designed and implemented according to these research area.
Results: The most important achievement of this project is the methods of activities to reaching goals. Implementation of six participatory interventional proposal for solving health problems and needs are the other achievement. The frequency and means of health problems and their risk factors significantly reduced after the completion of intervention program in each region.
Conclusion: Establishing and activities of health companion groups followed model of Planned Approach to Community Health (PATCH) that help community to form health promotion team, collecting and organizing of data, choosing health priorities, developing a comprehensive intervention plan and evaluation .
Mohammad Malakoutian, Alireza Mesdaghi Nia, Shima Rezaei,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (10-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Chlorophenols are acidic Organic compounds and priority Pollutants. One of the best ways to removal chlorophenols was using different absorbents . In this study, removal efficiency of ortho- chlorophenol as one of the most common organic contaminants in aquatic environments was investigated with absorption method using activated Fly Ash.
Materials and methods: In this experimental study, Fly ash of collected from Zarand Power plant was activated by sulfuric acid. Factors affecting in sorbent activation process including temperature, time, amount and concentration of the acid and also factors influencing in the adsorption process were adjusted for optimum conditions. Experiments was followed on real wastewater samples from coal washing plant of zarand . Data was analyzed by SPSS software.
Results : The sorbent activation was performed in optimized condition acid concentration 1.8 mM, time 5h, temperature 29±2˚C and acid/fly ash ratio 7. Removal efficiency of zarand coal washing plant Effluent at the optimal conditions (pH: 2, adsorbent doze: 1g, time: 3h) was 84.4%.
Conclusion: In addition to the high efficiency of ortho-chlorophenol absorption because of sorbent activation does not require complex and expensive technology, the adsorbents can be used to remove these contaminants from industry effluent.
Mahtab Ashrafi Khouzani, Somayeh Sharifi Nia, Parivash Kordbache, Seyed Jamal Hashemi, Azar Berahmeh, Sasan Rezaei,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (3-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Candida albicans, the most common human fungal commensal pathogen, is a normal member of the human microbiota which can colonize the oral cavity, vagina and gastrointestinal tract. This opportunistic pathogen can cause diseases ranging from mucosal infections to systemic mycoses, depending on the vulnerability and weakness of the immune system of the host. In addition, it is the most common cause of septicemia with 50-100% mortality. Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 100-400 nm. It reduces the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids, retards growth, and causes mutation in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Previous investigators have reported on the different effects of UV irradiation on Candida albicans including cidal effect, inhibitory growth, as well as phenotype switching. In the present study we investigated the effect of UV-B irradiation on C. albicans’s growth in a solid medium, production of chlamydoconidia, carbohydrate assimilation and pathogenesis in mice.
Material and Methods: C. albicans was grown in a SC medium, followed by incubation at 30° C for 24 hours and irradiating the cells with UV-B for 5,10,15,20 min at 302 nm wavelength by transilluminator. A sample of non-irradiated yeast cells served as control.
Results: After 24, 48 and 72 hours of irradiation growth rate was reduced, the maximum reduction occurring after 20 minute. There was no difference between irradiated and non-irradiated C. albicans samples as regards sugars assimilation. Irradiation could inhibit production of chlamidoconidia by the fungus, the magnitude of inhibition increasing with increasing length of exposure to irradiation, such that after 20 minutes no chlamidoconidia could be seen in the medium. Further analysis of the data showed that pathogenicities of the fungus in irradiated and control samples were not statistically different. Neither was there any difference between them as regards size or number of bands of DNA molecules on 1% agarose gel.
Conclusion: The findings throw some light on how UVB irradiation can affect the phenotype of C. albicans isolates. Certainly more studies, e.g., on gene regulation, are required to find the effects of UVB at the molecular level in this fungus.
Farzad Aala, Sadegh Khodaveisi, Elham Baghdadi, Sasan Rezaei,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (3-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Aspergillus arasiticus species can contaminate agricultural products both on the farm and in storage in tropical regions. In recent years much research has been conducted on extracts of, and chemical compounds derived from, plants to be used potentially to reduce growth of toxin-producing microorganisms. Not much information is available in this area, so this study was conducted to determine the antifungal effect of Pistacia Atlantica subsp. Kurdica on the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus.
Materials and Methods: According to the microdilution method, based on the latest version of the Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute (CLSI) Document M27-A3, modified M38-A2 protocol, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at different concentrations of Pistacia Atlantica subsp. Kurdica against the standard parasiticus species (ATCC15517) was determined.
Results: Pistacia Atlantica subsp. Kurdica could inhibit growth of Aspergillus parasiticus; the minimum concentration with an inhibitory effect on the growth of the fungus was 125mg/ml.
Conclusion: The Pistacia Atlantica subsp. Kurdica can potentially have a pronounced growth-inhibiting effect on A. Parasiticus. It is recommended to conduct more studies in this area to getinformation on expression of genes involved in the phenomenon.
Shirin Rezaei, Abbas Rahimi Foroushani, Mohammad Arab, Ebrahim Jaafaripooyan,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (9-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: A New Health Reform Plan consisting of seven programs was initiated in Iran in mid-May 2015 aiming to reduce the out-of-pocket payments, improve the public’s health, and promote the public health indicators. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the Plan on the performance indicators of Hamedan university hospitals.
Materials and Methods: In this longitudinal descriptive-analytical study, based on the interrupted time series design, data related to hospital performance indicators were collected from all (15) Hamedan University hospitals for a period of 15 months (7 months before, and 7 months after, the implementation of the Plan, with a one-month interval in between). The SPSS software was used for data analysis.
Results: The data indicated changes in all the performance indicators after the implementation of the Plan. The largest changes were in the number of emergency and selective surgeries and the smallest in the ratio of active to total beds. Further analysis of the data showed that, as compared to the same months in the previous year, only a small number of these changes (number of emergency surgical operations and the ratio of active to total beds) were statistically significant.
Conclusion: Based on the findings it can be concluded that changes have occurred in all the selected indicators as a result of implementation of the New Reform Plan, indicating that the Plan has affected favorably performance of the hospitals. However, the effects observed should be judged cautiously, considering the possible negative consequences such as induced demand and hospital workload increase in the long run.
Zahra Rezaeinasab, Mohammad Taghi Sheikhi, Fatemeh Jamilei Kohaneh Shahri,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Self-immolation is the death of a life. It is seen in women who have suffered greatly in life for long years, lost patience totally and found no way out except self-immolation.
The aim of this study was to identify the epidemiologic pattern of women's self-immolation in Ilam Province, Iran during the period 2011-2016.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study in which data were collected based on the files of women who had immolated themselves during the period 2015-2016 and analyzed using the SPSS software, the statistical tests being descriptive statistics.
Results: A total of 129 women, within the age range 11-95 years (mean 24 years), had immolated themselves during the 5-year period (53.5% in the age group 20-35 years), 73.6% of them being married and 77.5% housewives. The average body surface burn percentage was 70%, the range being 15-99%. Most cases of self-immolation had occurred in autumn and spring, mostly in the afternoon. The most common cause of self-immolation had been reported as unknown (38% of the cases), followed by mental disease and depression (30.2%) and family conflicts (17.1%), specially husband and wife conflicts.
Conclusion: Self-immolation is the unusual ending of a life. Young married women are more likely to get exposed to hardships and confusion in the course of family and community life. Depression is one of the most important causes of suicide, a consequence of issues such as violence and harassment by spouse and family, poverty, deprivation and destitution.
Strategies to reduce self-immolation would include comprehensive social support and protection against domestic violence against women, educationg women about techniques to control anger and reduce stress, and informing them about support centers.
Hossein Dargahi, Alireza Darrudi, Mehrzad Rezaei Abgoli,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: All hospitals need to be monitored and continuously evaluated. Pabon Lasso graphical model assesses the efficiency of hospitals using a combination of their input data and performance indicators. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Iran Health System Evolution Plan on Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) hospitals’ performance indicators using the Pabon Lasso model in 2016.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study including 8 general and specialized hospitals. The hospital input data and performance indicators were collected by permission of TUMS Vice-chancellor’s Office for Therapeutic Services. Chi-square and the two-sample T2 tests were used for data analysis, and hospital performance was assessed using the Pabon Lasso Model.
Results: The results showed that the number of TUMS hospitals located in zones 3 and 4 had increased after implementation of the Iran Health System Evolution Plan, which indicates improved efficiency of these hospitals, as confirmed by the chi-square test.
Conclusion: Based on the Pabon Lasso graphical model, it can be concluded that the performance indicators of the hospitals show improvements in performance after implementation of the Iran Health System Evolution Plan. The successful experience in the management of the hospitals in this study can act as a practical guide for managers of other hospitals throughout the country for better management.
Afzal Akbari Balootbangan, Siavosh Talepasand, Ali Mohammad Rezaei, Eshagh Rahimian Boogar,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In recent years bullying behaviors among school adolescent have risen and have raised concerns for psychologists, teachers and their families around the world. The use of bullying control methods in schools is important. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of bullying control training program on health promotion behaviors in bullying adolescents in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: The statistical population consisted of students aged 12 to 17 years old in public schools in Tehran. A total of 40 subjects (20 controls and 20 experimental groups) were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental and control groups. Using a pilot, pre-test, post-test and one month follow up with the control group, Hartler's bullying questionnaire and health promotion behaviors were implemented on both groups. Then, experimental testing of bullying control training was performed in 8 sessions on the experimental group and after the completion of the sessions the post-test was presented to both groups. After that, a month's follow-up was carried out. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of repeated measurements was performed using SPSSV22 software.
Results: The results showed that the cognitive-behavioral bullying control training program on health promotion behaviors between the two groups was significantly different in three stages (p<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, bullying control education can be effective on health promotion behaviors of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years and can be used to improve their health. Parents, teachers, managers and other professionals can learn from these trainings.
Shayesteh Vahdani, Mehdi Rezaei, Mansoor Alimahdi, Mohammad Mahdi Shariat Bagheri,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (3-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Public vaccination programs are a way to control the Covid-19 disease. The success of a vaccination program requires the acceptance of the Corona vaccine by the society. The aim of the present study was to predict the acceptance of the Corona vaccine by medical students based on their anxiety, optimism and rumination.
Methods and Materials: This was a descriptive and correlational research. The study population consisted of all the medical students of Azad University, Tehran, Iran during the academic year 2021-2022, from among whom a sample of 509 was selected by the available sampling method. Data were collected using the Acceptance of the Corona Vaccine (KAPC), Anxiety of the Corona Virus (CDAS), Life Orientation (LOT) and Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation, partial correlation and standard regression tests.
Results: Data analysis showed that several variables including corona anxiety (with components of mental and physical anxiety), optimism (with components of expectation of a positive outcome and hope for the future) and confidence in the safety of vaccine could positively predict the acceptance of the Corona vaccine. Rumination (with two components of depression symptoms and brooding) negatively predicted the acceptance of corona vaccine. Finally, the reflecting component, age and gender could not significantly predict the acceptance of the Corona vaccine.
Conclusion: To increase the acceptance rate of corona vaccine, paying attention to the roles of psychological factors such as corona anxiety, optimism, trust, and rumination can be helpful.
