Journal of School of Public Health and

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Myiasis is always resulted by depositionof egg or young larvae of cyclorrhapha flies’ in live tissus of human or animals,which follows by their Development. Although the survival of mentioned larves is depended on existance of livestock and wild animals, the flies can be seen in parks, dairy farms and certain plants and also solid wasts waiting for proper hosts. The frequent study was carried out in Tehran and suburb and adalt flies were netted in different areas, indoors and outdoors and taken to the laboratory for identification. Twenty-two species of flies were identified. Thirteen species were medically important and four species consisting: Calliphora vomitoria, Lucilia richardsi, sarcophaga fertoni, Sarcophaga peregrina were identified and reported for the first time in Iran.

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Background and Aim: Some medically important species of Muscidae and Fanniidae families are among synanthropic flies and can be seen in human habitats therefore they can be mechanical vectors of different pathogenic microorganisms. Identification and determination of species of these flies is essential for any control program planning. This study was conducted to determine the faunal diversity of Muscidae and Fanniidae flies in Tehran, Iran.

Methods and Materials: This was a cross-sectional descriptive and taxonomic study, conducted in 2 phases, during 1996-97 (pilot study) and 2000-2002 (complementary study) in Tehran and suburbs. Medically important flies were captured and identified. A net-hashing was used to capture adult flies by the direct observing method. To determine the fauna of flies in different habitats, 4 biotopes, including corpse (human, birds, livestock), garbage and decaying organic matter, animal carcasses, and human indoor habitat, were selected. Big hashing nets (95 cm in diameter) were used for capturing adult flies.

Results: A total of 2418 adult flies belonging to 8 families of Muscidae, Fanniidae, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Tachinidae, Syrphidae, Conopidae, and Anthomyiidae were captured. Among these, 1279 belonged to the Muscidae and Fanniidae families. Four genera and 5 medically important species were identified from two families.

Conclusion: Based on the existing scientific documentation, 2 species of M. stabulans and F. scalaris are reported for the first time from Iran. However, M. stabulans is a common species, the presence of which in Iran seemed probable.

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Background and Aim: In addition to health costs, institutions are a factor influencing directly and indirectly the promotion of health in a country. Air pollution, the main cause of which is the industry and in the control and reduction of which the governments have an important role, is another important factor affecting the health situation in a country. This paper reports the results of a study on the health impact of institutions, considering health costs and air pollution.
Materials and Methods: The impact of institutions on health in 38 developing countries during the period 2006-2018 was determined using the threshold panel method, health proxy life expectancy index and good governance index as the quality of institutions and explanatory variables of misery, per capita income, health costs and happiness. Based on the CO₂ threshold variable, the sample was divided into two homogeneous regimes and the model was obtained with EVIEWS (10) and Stata (15) software packages.
Results: The findings indicate that the governance index and happiness in both regimes are significantly positive. Health costs in the upper group were found not to be significant and in the lower group to have little effect on health. In addition, income was significant in both regimes, though with little effect. Finally, the misery index was also found to be significant, but its coefficient in the lower group was not in line with the relevant theories.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, institutions in developing countries play a major role and form a causal chain among other sectors which are very important in promoting health of the populations. Therefore, in order to promote health in these countries policies should be designed and implemented for institutional improvements.