Journal of School of Public Health and

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 Background and Aim: Definition of World Health Organization 1948 for Health includes social domain which two other domains of health, physical and mental, have counter effects on it. Quantity and quality of an individual relation to community in order to improve population welfare is a definition for social health. Social capital and security improvement and reduction of impoverishment and inequity is the impact of this relation and it's opposite side is increasing social problems. In this article, by reviewing social health situation of Iranian community and analysis of it's determinants, improvement strategies have been provided and role of Ministry of Health and Medical Education(MOHME) proposed.

 Materials and Methods : This is a descriptive and analytic study A conceptual framework were described based on a nationally committed definition of social health and used for description and analysis. Secondary data of reviewing existing research and documents were utilized for situational analysis Focus group discussion of steering/stakeholder committee members and review of the best evidences and international experiences made analysis and proposed interventions.

  Results: The evidences show that average increasing rate of social problems during recent years is 15% annually. Albeit, it is not possible to draw the increasing or decreasing trend of social health indices precisely since past 2 decades due to the lake of surveillance system. Several social problem reduction and social health improvement interventions are running by organization but, inadequate sensitivity of responsible persons, not to evaluate the current interventions, inadequate utilization and coverage of population from primary level preventive services, inappropriate selection of essential interventions, allocation of most available resources to tertiary level of prevention(after harm services), weakness of activity implementation system and intersectoral collaboration for executing interventions, disintegration of social health related financial resources and inadequate sensitivity and competencies of people in combating to social problems and risks are obstacle to effective interventions in improving social health indices. Economical, political, international and technological big changes should be added to these reasons.

  Conclusion: Social health progress will not be achieved without intersecotral collaboration Improvement of existing situation is not under duties and responsibilities of MOHME, so proposed direction including vision, strategic objectives and interventions, for social health should be implemented partially by MOHME Remaining parts required advocacy to be done by other sectors. It is essential that the proposed program be approved in health policy council of MOHME for implementation of this direction and achieving to it's objectives and then be approved by health and food security high council and social council of country after that the intersectoral collaboration agreements of social health improvement should be supervised deeply.

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  Background and Aim: Current traditional research methods for solving social problems were challenged due to limited participation of community . The health companion project was carried out with the aim of determining effective model of community participation for solving health problems in Boyerahmad and Dena township. .

  Materials and Methods : This study is a community based participatory research performed in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad province 2005-2009.The study population was the entire rural and urban households of Boyerahmad and Dena county.The strategic committee of project including academic researchers, managers of health and health related sectors was formed and this committee selected six regions for research activities. In each region local directing group "health companion " was established with participation of stakeholders: academic researchers, local leaders, health providers and public representatives to guide all aspects of project. The members of the group empowered and enabled by attending training workshops for need assessment, priority setting, research methodology that through these activities the health problem priorities of the regions were recognized, the research area determined and intervention programs were designed and implemented according to these research area.

  Results: The most important achievement of this project is the methods of activities to reaching goals. Implementation of six participatory interventional proposal for solving health problems and needs are the other achievement. The frequency and means of health problems and their risk factors significantly reduced after the completion of intervention program in each region.

  Conclusion: Establishing and activities of health companion groups followed model of Planned Approach to Community Health (PATCH) that help community to form health promotion team, collecting and organizing of data, choosing health priorities, developing a comprehensive intervention plan and evaluation .

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  Background and Aim: probably after pestilence, HIV/AIDS is most important and severe health threat for public health. Prisons could facilitate the spread of HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis and transmit it to societies. The main strategy to control HIV/AIDS and hepatitis among Injecting Drug Users is Harm Reduction Programs. These programs are conducted in Iran Prisons. The goal of this study is to evaluate Harm reduction Programs including Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) and Needle exchange from the viewpoint of prison staff in Iran including principals, managers, physicians and counselors.

  Materials and Methods : It was a cross sectional study in which 370 prison staff working in prisons all around the country were evaluated to assess their viewpoint and insight about Harm reduction Programs including Methadone Maintenance therapy and Needle exchange.

  Results: A percentage of 95.23 of prison managers and experts had a positive view toward Methadone Maintenance therapy. 70.25 percent had a positive insight toward needle exchange program. The employment type and work experience was significantly (p<0.05) related to the viewpoint of managers and experts towards Methadone Maintenance therapy program. Age was the only factor that had a significant relationship (p<0.05) with Needle exchange program.

  Conclusion: MMT has lots of supporters in prisons. The positive insights of managers and experts towards methadone maintenance therapy program demonstrate the high level of staff’s approval for conducting this program it could be interpreted as a sign of success of program in the country. However there is not a comprehensive approval and collaboration with needle exchange program in prisons. Nevertheless, it is alarming that 42.5% of staff believe that conducting methadone maintenance therapy may increase and intensify addiction in prisons.

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  Background and Aim: Quality measurement and management has changed to be one of the most important topics in health care today. This study aims to analyze service quality through Importance-performance Analysis tool in selected hospitals.

  Materials and Methods : This is an Analytical-descriptive study. Research community was all admitted patients to four hospitals during a specific period, the sample of the study consists of 284 inpatient person selected by stratified random sampling method. The main instrument was a questionnaire consists of two parts "importance" and "performance" with the same items in 8 dimensions. Assigning the scores for each of those service items in a two-dimensional diagram with four cell, each gives special guideline for hospitals. SPSS 17.0 for windows was employed for the scale measurement.

  Results: The results of the study indicate that the most important dimensions in patients attribute with 3.55 mean were for "accountability" and the best performance in patients point of view was for "responsiveness" and "reliability". The key dissatisfier with least importance and performance score was for "service organization" with the mean of 3.11.

  In analyzing service quality, reliability, empathy, assurance and accountability dimensions were located in Cell I, service process was located in Cell II, service organization was located in Cell III and finally tangibles and responsiveness dimensions were located in Cell IV.

  Conclusion: Application of IPA to these data showed that developing service process management system in order to improve process of service delivering is important directions for hospitals to work on.

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 Background and Aim: Global growth in the elderly population for both health care providers and families and also the community is an important challenge . Elders are the largest and fast factor for increasing hospital admissions in Society . Increasing costs of aging is the most concern to elders and their families. This study aimed to investigate the health team s approach about cost–effective alternatives for aging health services.

  This study is a qualitative research which was done through content analysis.

  18 people consisting of five faculty members , 6doctors , 3 nurses and 4health public health expert were participated. Samples were selected based on purposive sampling . Data were collected through interviews .

  Results: Four core themes derived from this study which included: 1- Emphasis on training for aging care ( including training doctors, nurses , health professionals , public health experts, elder sand their family caregivers). 2- Emphasis on proper implementation of primary health care for the elderly. 3- Emphasis on home care for elderly.4-attntion to mental health of elderly.

  Conclusion: It seems effectiveness of tree alternatives emphasis to training, home care and mental health for elderly are obvious and evident, so implementing and applying these suggestions would be helpful.

  But the second alternative emphasis on proper implementation of primary health care for the elderly must be performed based on a comprehensive needs assessment in elders population. Finally it is stressed that calculating and comparing actual costs of each alternative in elders caring must be measured through quantitative researches.

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  Background and Aim: Women perceive menopause differently. Beside biological changes, women experience menopause based on the cultural scenarios. The qualitative research presented here is about how Iranian women perceive menopause within cultural scenarios.

  Materials and Methods : Data was collected during 4 focus group sessions and 6 individual in-depth interviews of women aged 40 years and older. Informants were selected from the Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The sessions were facilitated by using a semi-structured inventory focus group. Content analysis was adopted using combined free and analytical coding to reduce data, to extract meanings, to categorize domains and to obtain themes .

  Results: We categorized our findings into four main domains: gender role, the changes in socialization, social interactions and supporting resources. Descriptions of the later domain are going to be reported in subsequent manuscript.

  Conclusion: The women's understandings of menopause are shaped based on the specific cultural scenarios. Menopause recognized as a factor which changes women’s life line. Meanings as 'Loosing femininity' and 'changes in women's roles in the community' describe women's gender role, social interactions and changes in the socialization throughout the menopause years. The women’s misconceptions, accumulated myths, and ignorance about femininity were evidenced based on narratives. The majority of women raised ‘role change’ as an important determinant in social interactions. Gender role changes as well as women's socialization patterns have forced women to accept loosing femininity as a reality. Developing comprehensive and culturally sensitive health services to address women's needs in the climacteric years is suggested .

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  Background and Aim: Malaria remains an important vector-borne disease globally and is a threat for human life. Forty percent of the world’s populations who are living in low-income countries are at risk of malaria. The disease exists in Iran and caused economic and social damages. As result of malaria control program that has been done during the past years, the disease is eliminated from the most parts of the country, so that it is only reporting from a small part in these years.

  Materials and Methods : During this study, all available papers, books and thesises were reviewed and articles from Iranmedex, DIS and PubMed databanks were also used. Furthermore the related reports from different sources were noted.

  The extensive studies have important information about malaria vectors. In this study the data about malaria vectors and related training courses are listed. During this study the related papers, Books and thesises which have been reviewed.

  Although efforts, surveillance system, diagnostic and treatment facilities, as well as knowledge and attitude of peoples regarding to health behavior are improved nowadays, there are significant improvements about decreasing the malaria cases. Risk of the disease exists because of population exchange and asymptomatic cases. The malaria can be studied with both public health and economical aspects. This paper represents entomological studies of malaria during 1935 by the end of 2008.

  Conclusion: our study revealed that, based on recent malaria national program, the authorities should make an emphasis on vector control monitoring, resistance management, malaria evaluation and because of weak supervision on all malaria operation at stage of elimination of malaria, accurate and careful suppersional require to reach the objective and goal of elimination.

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  Background and Aim: High fruit and vegetable intake has been introduced as one of the key factors of healthy diet to prevent chronic disease. This study attempts to explore the fruit and vegetable intake in Arak city and its relationship with demography and socio-economic factors.

  Materials and Methods : In this cross sectional study, 660 people in 18 -70 age range were selected with a two-stage cluster sampling and were interviewed for demography and socio – economic questionnaires and a 56- items semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess fruit and vegetable intake. After univariate analysis, the association of the significant variables with fruit and vegetable intake was also evaluated with multiple linear regression.

  Results: In this study, over 60 percent of subjects consumed less than the minimum recommended amount of fruit and vegetable (5 servings or 400 gr a day).The total consumption of fruit and vegetable indicated an inverse significant relationship with age (p =0.04 and β = - 0.02), and a direct significant relationship with economic status (p <0.001and β =0.10). The father's educational level (p =0.005 and β =0.38 for diploma level and p =0.03 and β =0.36 for academic education) and physical activity level (p =0.001 and β =0.03 per hour) were factors associated with fruit consumption. The gender was only associated with vegetable consumption so that women had higher consumption in this study (p =0.03 and β=0.23).

  Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate low fruit and vegetable consumption in the population under study. In this study, age, physical activity, and socioeconomic status and fathers’ education were the factors that were significantly associated with fruit and vegetable consumption.

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  Background and Aim: specific and scientific study in the field of malaria in Iran commenced simultaneouoly with establishing the Instituted of Malariology in Tehran University. Subsequently the Institute was changed to school of Public Health and Institute of Public Health. Research which this new situation resulted in increasing studies and researches in the field of malaria based on three main items as entomology and vector control, parasitology and epidemiology. Historical study of malaria prepares a worthy opportunity to remind the pioneers and those who dedicated their life for combating malaria. In this study the situation of published papers, prepared theses by Iranian researchers and specific training and fresher training courses in the filed of malaria parasitology during the last fifty years were considered.

  Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a retrospective study based on the collecting all available data from internal and external electronic sources, papers, books, reports, theses. Moreover, some interviews were made with relevant knowledgeable individuals, in the field of malaria parasitology in Iran.

  Results: In this study 143 papers in the field of malaria parasitology were collected in Persian and English languages. Thirty five MSPH, MPH, PhD these and forty four specific courses were recorded as well.

  Conclusion: The collected data indicating the correct comprehension of Iranian researchers from importance of malaria infection and its parasitology in Iran. The facts also show that specific training and retraining of malaria microscopy played considerable role in the control of malaria in Iran.

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  Background and Aim : It is impossible to deny the threats and risks endangering the process of health care when offering the services. Confirming this fact does not mean ignorance the risk, or allowance to medical and nursing mistakes to happen however, it can mean approaching the problem to come up with practical solutions and minimize the risks in the process of providing health care services. The present study was conducted periodically as an applied multi-stage research.

  Materials and Methods : To do a model of clinical risk management, different authentic texts on risk management in health sector were reviewed focusing on the models available. All such models were tabulated, analyzed and compared together which resulted 62 primary variables. The variables were, then, validated being used in a questionnaire responded by 20 nurses and doctors which, this time, produced a confirmed questionnaire of 40 variables. After that, 215 subjects chosen through a random and a stratified sampling were asked to respond to that questionnaire, making an exploratory factor analysis as well.

  Results : This study was done, using principal components analysis as with a rotation of Varimax loadings showed a variety of factors (19 factors) available in the models of clinical risk management were loaded as "organizing and policy-making" factor. This factor illuminated a sum of 25.3% of variances in the model of clinical risk management. The results also showed the loading factor of variables as among 0.5 and 0.7 which indicated a fine correlation among them and the participants' view.

  Conclusion: It was concluded that "the best care of the patient is accepted as a common perspective in organization" and "the effect of the treatment team's clinical performance on their financial payments" are the most and the least important variables respectively with 0.739 and 0.548 as factor load.

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  Background and Aim: In many diagnostic studies, including surveying the survival of patients with gastric cancer where each individual after surgery can experience more than one type of event, and the occurrence of one type of event hinders the occurrence of other types of events, the question of competing risk is raised. For checking the effect of each covariate on the occurrence of any event and estimating the hazard function, Cox and Fine and Gray models are used. In the event that the assumptions of two models do not hold, using them will be an incorrect course of action. One way to overcome this problem is to use models that have higher flexibility.

  Materials and Methods: In this study, the demographic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of 330 patients with gastric cancer who referred from January 1996 to April 2000 to the Cancer Institute of Iran Imam Khomeini Hospital and underwent surgery, including their type, and the time of occurrence of the first event (locoreginal replace/death) for each patient from medical records were collected and evaluated. Using this information, the cumulative hazard function of relapse of disease was plotted by means of three models Cox, Fine and Gray and the flexible one, and was checked against the observed cumulative incidence function of recurrence of disease and, finally, their performance was evaluated.

  Results: Nearly, for each event, the proportionality assumption holds for all the variables . According to the graph of cumulative incidence function for the event of interest (recurrence), it can be seen that the Cox model, has overestimated the cumulative incidence function and the curves of two other models are very similar and also similar to the observed curve. However, the cumulative incidence function of the flexible model is smoother than the others.

  Conclusion: In the competing risk framework, Cox model is not very useful in practice while it seems that the flexible model is not only a good alternative to the Fine and Gray model but will also be superior to it when the assumption of proportionality does not hold.

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  Background and Aim: After conducting a comprehensive study on shift work systems in petrochemical companies and recommending appropriate shift schedules, some companies changed shift patterns. After a year, the present study was carried out at a petrochemical company which changed its shift pattern from 4-4-4 to 3-3-3. The objective of the study was evaluation of effectiveness of shift schedule change on shift workers’ health problems.

  Materials and Methods: In this study, samples consisted of 195 shift workers of the present study and 44 shift workers from the previous study. Data were collected by an anonymous questionnaire, in which questions on demographic characteristics, health problems and workers’ opinions about shift pattern change were included. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 11.5.

  Results: The results showed that prevalence of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal problems were not statistically different between the two groups (p>0.05), but prevalence of some psychological disorders were lower in the present study subjects as compared to the individuals of the previous study (p<0.01). The results revealed that from the viewpoint of shift workers new shift pattern improved quality and quantity of sleep. The findings showed that 76.8% of the subjects evaluated the new shift schedule to be better than the previous one.

Conclusion: Based on the findings, changing the shift pattern from 4-4-4 to 3-3-3 resulted in reduction of prevalence of psychological problems. Therefore, the change implemented in the shift pattern was useful.

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  Background and Aim: Urinary Incontinence (UI) as a main health problem affects on Quality of Life negatively. UI prevalence is reported between 3-57.1% in different countries. Nevertheless, there are limited studies about probable risk factors, e.g. type and number of delivery and related disorders such as anal incontinence. This study was aimed to investigate the UI risk factors and related disorders in our society.

  Materials and Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted on 166 women with UI and 90 healthy subjects, aged 26-70(45.3±7.9) and 20-64(38.2±8.4) years respectively. After completing a designed questionnaire, assessment of vaginal tone, Pelvic Floor Muscles'(PFM) strength and endurance carried out. Independent t-test and Pearson correlation test were used to analysis the data. Values of p<0.05 were considered to be significant.

  Results: Our data showed that the mean of age, Body Mass Index (BMI) and number of deliveries in women with UI were significantly higher than that women without UI were (P<0.05).There was a significant difference regarding to the prevalence of anal incontinence and constipation between two groups (P<0.05). Reduced vaginal tone and lower strength and endurance of PFM were seen in women with UI (P<0.05).

  Conclusions: Regarding high prevalence of some pelvic floor disorders such as constipation in incontinent women, we recommend performing further epidemiologic and etiologic investigations , also emphasis on establishing multidisciplinary approach health/therapeutic centers to provide better services to these patients.

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  Background and A im : sexual health in children is difficult subject, does not deal with it formal method. Importance of Sex education of children is accepted in the world. The aim of this paper is describing the concept of sexual health from the viewpoint of children's famil y and identification norms of child sex education and determining sex education priorities of the parent's viewpoint.

  Materials and Methods: This is qualitative study. Samples were selected by targeted method of student's parents of five regional educated o f Tehran. Data were collected by focus group interview and discussion and were analyses by subject and content analysis.

 
Results: The findings were classified in three main areas: 1) Family management 2) the role of school 3) framework of the religion an d traditions.

 

  C ONCLUSION onclusion : Most participants believed sexual health behavior in children is not health indicators. They implemented their family policies in management of Sexual behavior o f their children. In Family control was meant: restriction of sexual behavior in child as a norm. Culture of silence and connivance in management of children's behavior has become norm, because child's sexual behavior is inconsistent with traditional values of family. In identifying priorities of sexual education of children, progression interaction between home and school was known as the most deficits. They are acting their internal values in educational system of children because their conflict of values, norms and tastes difference has not been challenge. It is important and priority of parents to being prepared for the management of their children's sexual behavior .

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  Scientific Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research /85

  Vol. 11, No. 2, Summer 2013

  

  Forecasting ambient air pollutants by time series models in Kerman, Iran

  

  Mansouri, F., MS.c. Student, Dept of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman Medical University, Kerman, Iran

  Khanjani, N., Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman Medical University, Kerman, Iran - Corresponding author: n_khanjani@kmu.ac.ir

  Rananadeh Kalankesh, L., MS.c. Student, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman Medical University, Kerman, Iran

  Pourmousa, R., MS.c. Lecturer, Department of Statistics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran

 

  

  Received: Apr 3, 2012 Accepted: Feb 14, 2013

 

  ABSTRACT

 

  Background and Aim: Air pollution is one of the most important problems of big cities in developing countries and can have several negative health effects on humans. Therefore studying these pollutants can help in developing programs for air pollution control. The aim of this study was to estimate and predict the changes of air pollutants in Kerman, Iran.

  Materials and Methods: In this ecological study, data about seven important air pollutants in Kerman including NO, CO, NO₂, NO_x, PM₁₀, SO₂ and O₃ from March 2006 until September 2010 was inquired from the Kerman Province Environmental Protection Agency. Then the data was calculated as averages per month and by incorporating time series models, predictions were done for each pollutant.

  Results: All of the pollutants were steady in Kerman, except CO which is significantly decreasing and PM₁₀ which is increasing. All of the pollutants had a seasonal pattern. Time series models with a 12, 3, 8, 12, 12, 12 and 6 month seasonal pattern were fit for O₃ , SO₂ , PM₁₀ , NO_x , NO₂ , CO and NO consecutively.

  Conclusion: The production of ambient CO is decreasing in Kerman and one reason is probably replacing and retiring old automobiles. However PM₁₀ is increasing in Kerman and in most seasons it is above standard and therefore control initiatives should be implemented.

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  Background and Aim: One of the most important problems in intensive care unit is high nursing workload. High workload may lead to increased human errors, compromised quality and safety of care, and reducing quality of working life. The purpose of this study provides valid and reliable tools to assess the mental workload of the ICU nurses and also identify inducing factors that will create workload.

  Materials and Methods: This study had two phases. 1- Determine the face validity and reliability of the NASA-TLX (to assess the workload) by Backward Translation method and Cronbach's alpha method. 2–Designing the performance obstacles and facilitators questionnaire by interview and pilot study.

  Results: Face validity and reliability of NASA-TLX method was confirmed (α=0.897). The performance obstacles and facilitators questionnaire for ICU nurses provides in 53 questions and 10 subscales. Relevancy is 97% and Clarity is 96%. Overall, 90% of nurses assessment comprehensiveness of the questionnaire was very comprehensive and comprehensive.

  Conclusion : According to the results, can be used NASA-TLX method and the performance obstacles and facilitators questionnaire to assess workload of ICU nurses.

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Background and Aim: Intersectoral Collaboration and Community Participation are two main strategies for sustaining equity in health. Based on the 4th 5years country development plan, Health and Food Security High Council(HC) as a strategy for developing intersectoral collaboration. Reviewing members' opinions of HC may show the clear way of improving intersectoral collaboration for health promotion of the population to senior officials of Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and qualitative study. Information were gathered by structured interview to HC members and content analysis of the documents and gray materials related to initiation and performance of the HC since it's opening. Content analysis and adding up the interviews were done by hand after defining the main domains. Results: Most of HC members believed that the HC effectiveness is very low or low. For the 1st step, defining health priorities and then responsibilities and expectations of each organization were proposed. Organizations necessity to introduce a sustained representative, creating taskforces for deep working on the issues, regular meeting in secretariat, concurrent information sharing to the members, strengthening similar structure in provinces and giving more authority to them and connecting the council to the scientific committees of health elites are main improvement approaches. Conclusion: There is gap between the performance of the HC and the law makers' expectations. Implementing secretariat of HC including expertise and special working system of intersectoral collaboration will mostly cover the weakness. Defining periodical roles and expectations of organizations and capacity building of health collaborators of the ministries and organizations, and incentivizing organization which have effective contribution, will strengthen and continue the collaboration more.

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Background and Aim: Quality of life amongst people living with HIV/AIDS is affected by their experiences such as social isolation, stigmatization and discrimination. Physical, mental and social problems are common throughout their lives. Therefore, studying the quality of life of HIV-infected individuals are shortcomings in various cultural contexts. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS in Iran. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. We used convenience sampling to recruit 300 HIV-infected adults attending the Imam Khomeini Hospital consultation center for clients with risky behaviors in Tehran. To collect the data we employed the World Health Organization Quality of life for HIV Brief version (WHOQOL-HIV BREF). T-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s coefficient and multiple regression were used for analysis. Results: The mean ±SD age of the respondents was 34.3±7.5 years. The majority of them were males (55%) and asymptomatic (51.7%). Among the domains of quality of life, Level of independence had the highest score (13.4±3.1), and environment (12.5±2.8) and psychological (12.5±3.1) domains had the lowest. Younger's, women and employed subjects reported better quality of life for different domains of quality of life (p<0.05). Conclusion: Psychological and environment domains in quality of life were found to be adversely affected by HIV. Accurate and culturally sensitive interventions are suggested to address the patients' psychological and environmental needs.

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Background and Aim: Child abuse is a social problem that affects the lives of children. The purpose of this study was to design a valid and reliable Persian questionnaire to measure the status of child abuse. Materials and Methods: Content validity was measured with search of relevant electronic databanks, preparation of the first draft of the questionnaire and determinant of its relevancy and clarity. Reliability was measured with Cronbach’s alpha, and repeatability was measured with intra cluster correlation through test-retest with two weeks interval. Results: The mean of clarity and relevancy of the tool were 80.36% and 92.5%, respectively, and rang of these two measure were 90.14 - 97.2, also. The average of intra cluster correlation (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha were 0.95 and 0.92, respectively. Conclusion: The new tool has acceptable validity and reliability and is suitable for child abuse studies in Iran.