Showing 55 results for Model
Maryam Moeini, Omran Mohammad Razzaghi, Mahmood Mahmoodi, Tahereh Pashaeie,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with time to relapse and, thus, retention time, of a cohort of opioid-dependents under methadone maintenance treatment, using survival models, in the Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS).
Materials and Methods: A total of 198 opioid-dependent clients participating in the Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program, implemented by INCAS between April 2007 and March 2011, were included in the study. A Cox proportional hazard (PH) model was applied to determine predictors of relapse time among the patients.
Results: The data showed that 86 clients relapsed into drug use during the treatment program. The proportional hazard assumption was satisfied according to the goodness of fit test showing that Cox proportional hazard model was appropriate. Estimates of the PH model indicated that an increase of 1mg in the methadone dosage could lead to a decrease of 0.15 in hazard ratio and an increase in the length of treatment (p<0.001). Predictors for raising the probability of drug relapse included suffering from mental disorders (compared to mentally healthy: hazard ratio = 2.29, p<0.001), being a poly-substance user (compared to mono-substance users: hazard ratio = 4.80, p<0.001), and having retention experience in the past (compared to those with no previous therapy: hazard ratio = 1.90, p<0.001). Other variables entered in the model, including social and demographic variables, had no statistically significant effect on hazard ratio.
Conclusions: Although higher methadone dosages are associated with a longer time to relapse, we recommend highly to pay special attention to providing more therapeutic and consultive services to mental health patients, poly-substance users, and individuals with a past therapy record.
Elham Madreseh, Mahmood Mahmoodi, Seyed Mostafa Hosseini, Hojjat Zeraati, Iraj Najafi,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In many medical studies along with longitudinal data, which are repeatedly measured during a certain time period, survival data are also recorded. In these situations, using models such as, mixed effects models or GEE method for longitudinal data and Cox model for survival data, are not appropriate because some necessary assumptions are not met. Instead, the joint models have been introduced, to consider: 1- measurement error in time-dependent covariates 2-monotone and non-ignorable missing data which occurs after an event and 3- relation between longitudinal and survival outcomes, simultaneously. At this paper, joint model Puts longitudinal response (i.e. creatinine) as a time dependent variable, along with other covariates in survival sub model, to investigate dialysis patients survival.
Materials and Methods: This research contained information about 417 patients affected to chronic renal failure, under treatment of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) method. Patients were referred to three medical centers in Tehran (Shariati, Modares and Shafa) between 1997 to 2009.In this study longitudinal data and time dependent covariate were used Therefore, different variables for each person at certain time have been measured. In first some information was gathered from patient’s file, and then effective factors on survival of patients have been determined by using joint model. Results were compared with naive analysis (extended Cox model). For data analyzing, R software and significant level of 0.05 have been used.
Results: with using joint model sex, age, diabetes, diastolic blood pressure, haemoglobin, urea, LdL, and creatinine covariates were significant. In extended Cox model, only age and Diastolic blood pressure covariates were considered as effective factors on hazard of death in patients.
Conclusion: Joint model assess the effective factors on both endpoints simultaneously. Also it considers missing data that appeared due to an event, and covariates which were measured with error. Therefore in these cases, using joint models that led to better results and more knowledge about dieses, are necessary.
Mahmoud Reza Gohari, Parisa Mokhtari Hesari, Zeynab Moghaddami Fard, Reza Khoda Bakhshi,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim : identifying the risk factors for metastasis is major concern for treatment processes of cancer patients. Metastasis makes patients frail and increase hazard of death. It also decreases physical and psychological quality of life of patients. Aim of this study is determining of prognostic factors for metastasis of breast cancer using conditional regression model.
Materials and Methods: in this survival study, hospital records of 246 women with breast cancer who underwent surgery and treatment at hospital Fayyazbakhsh were used. Patients were followed until 2012 May and their final situations recorded. Metastasis free survival estimated with Kaplan-myier method. To determine the prognostic factors, a conditional regression model called PWP fitted. All statistical analysis was conducted with R software, version 2.10.
Results: 202 patients (82.1%) were alive until follow up and 44 patients (17.9%) died.54patients experience metastasis. 11 patients (4.7%) had two metastases. Most of metastases were shown in bone, liver, lung and brain. Median metastasis free survival (MFS) estimated 64 month. One, two and three year MFS were 88%, 80.1% and 76.6%, respectively. Lymph node involvement and HER2 were shown as prognostic factors for metastasis. Age, Esterogen Receptor, Prosterogen Receptor, Grade and tumor size were not significant ( P> 0.05).
Conclusion: number of lymph nodes involvement as a prognostic factor involve more nodes and increase risk of metastasis and death. Thus prognosis and treatment of cancer in early stages increase survival of patients.
Mehdi Mir Heydari, Sedighe Sadat Tavafian, Ali Montazeri, Homeyra Fallahi,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (10-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Addiction behaviors have been established among high risk behaviors among different age groups in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a designed educational program on high risk behaviors of a sample of addicts in Qom, Iran.
Materials and Methods: Totally, 128 men with addiction history in self help groups referred to health centers in Qom were studied. The instruments used to collect data were a self administered demographic questionnaire and the designed scale high risk behavior based on Health Belief Model (HBM).
Results: The mean age of participants was 32.4 years. There were no significant difference between two groups at baseline in terms of all demographic data and all HBM constructs. The mean scores of HBM constructs, improved significantly in comparison with baseline. (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: This study indicated that designed educational program could improve all HBM constructs after intervention. Additionally, behavior intention might be changed after intervention significantly.
Masoud Keimasi, Ozhan Karimi, Hossein Rastian Ardestani,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (3-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: This study was conducted to assess customers’ perceptions of the quality of services in clinical diagnostic laboratories
Materials and Methods: Based on the SERVEIMPERF model, different dimensions of quality of services in terms of performance (current situation) and importance (weight) of each of the dimensions were assessed. A sample of 328 persons consulting Tehran clinical diagnostic laboratories, selected by stratified random sampling, was included in the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire.
Results: The customers’ scores for perceptions of the quality of services and its dimensions were higher than average. Dimensions of reliability with a mean score of 3.49 and that of empathy with a mean score of 2.73 were considered to be the highest and lowest dimensions, respectively. As regards importance of dimensions of service quality, the customers’ perceptions of assurance with a mean score of 4.448 was assessed to be higher than other dimensions, while the dimension of tangibility with a mean score of 3.983 was considered to be lower than other dimensions.
Conclusion: In can be concluded that different customers do not have the same perception of the various dimensions of quality of services and do not evaluate them in the same way. Thus, the differences should be taken into consideration when designing plans to improve the quality of services and deciding about priorities. It seems that the dimension of trust in the customers’ perceptions of the quality of services in clinical diagnostic laboratories is the most important and the first priority.
Soodabeh Yarmohammadi, Hassan Eftekhar Ardebili, Mahmood Mahmoodi, Seyed Abolghasem Jazayeri, Maryam Chamari,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (9-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Nutritional knowledge acquired by young girls as would-be mothers will play an important role in children’s and family health protection and promotion in the future. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an educational program based on the BASNEF model on the nutritional behavior among guidance school first-grade female-students.
Materials and Method: This was an interventional study carried out in the form of a clinical trial including 160 female-pupils divided into two groups ─ a case and a control group ─ randomly selected by two-stage sampling, namely, classification and cluster sampling. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire. Education about healthy nutrition was imparted to the case group in 4 60-minute sessions in the form of lectures, group discussions, and question-answer in addition, pamphlets were distributed among the subjects. Data were collected and analyzed using the SPSS-18 software, the statistical tests being Chi-square, fisher , independent and paired t-tests.
Results: The data showed that the mean scores of knowledge and BASNEF model components as regards nutritional behavior increased after the intervention in the case, they being higher significantly in the case group as compared to the controls. The most important subjective norms after the intervention were the pupils’ parents .
Conclusions : The findings indicate that a 3-month educational intervention based on the BASNEF model can bring about desirable changes in some of the undesirable nutritional behaviors in guidance school pupils, and that designing and implementing interventions of this kind, with the support of health and school authorities, is quite feasible.
Tahereh Razi, Mohsen Shamsi, Mahboubeh Khorsandi, Nasrin Rouzbehani, Mehdi Ranjbaran,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (12-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Currently there is no standardized and validated questionnaire for assessing the care of danger signs in children less than 5 years by the mothers based on behavioral patterns. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate psychometrically an instrument for assessment of the care of danger signs in children less than 5 years old by the mothers based on the Health Belief Model.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 350 mothers in the City of Arak, Iran. After reviewing the related literature, an instrument was designed and its content validity ratio (CVR), content validity index (CVI) and face validity were measured. To measure the reliability of the scales, the internal consistency method was used. Data analysis was done using the SPSS software.
Results: The scores of the CVI and CVR of the 81 items were found to be 0.79 and 0.62, respectively, the items being classified into seven categories. Based on the Cronbach's alpha, the overall reliability was 0.86. The reliability of the questionnaire for checklists of performance was 0.99, followed by those of perceived benefits (0.90), severity (0.83), perceived barriers (0.68), knowledge (0.66), perceived susceptibility (0.65), self-efficacy (0.63), and cues to action (0.56). Conclusion: The output of this psychometric process study is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring symptoms of risk behaviors in the care of vulnerable children based on the health belief model constructs, which can be used in health sciences research aiming at helping to protect the health of children.
Dad Khaoda Sadeghi Tejdano, Arezo Fallahi, Babak Nemat Shahrbabaki,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (9-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Physical activity is a low-cost and uncomplicated way for the prevention of osteoporosis. The aim of the present study was to determine the interactive effects of constructs of perceived benefit, barriers, susceptibility and severity on perceived exercise behavior self-efficacy for prevention of osteoporosis based on the Health Belief Model in female-employees of Kermanshah City.
Materials and Methods: This analytic-descriptive study was conducted on 595 female-employees in the governmental and private organizations in 2014. Inclusion criteria included women between the age of 30 years and start of menopause and having no history of osteoporosis. Data were collected using a two-part questionnaire including questions on demographic variables and questions related to the Health Belief Model and analyzed using the SPSS and Lisrel software.
Results: Analysis of the data showed that perceived severity and perceived barriers had direct and indirect effects on self-efficacy for exercise behavior. Self-efficacy had the highest correlation with perceived benefits (r=0.319). Further analysis of the data revealed a significant inverse correlation between perceived barriers and perceived severity and a significant positive correlation between perceived benefits and perceived severity.
Conclusion: The results of this study show female-employees do not have a high perceived susceptibility or severity to osteoporosis. A high perception of barriers and a low self-efficacy perception indicate the need for implementing appropriate intervention programs and increasing preventive behaviors.
Afsaneh Behroozpour, Mohsen Shams, Masoumeh Mousavi, Rahim Ostovar, Mostafa Maleki,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (12-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Self-medication, as a common risky health behavior, has financial and non-financial costs for Iranians. This study aimed at determining the situation of self-medication and factors influencing it among women in Yasuj, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 192 women referred to urban health care centers in Yasuj, selected randomly from the existing health files at the centers. Data were collected using a standard questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model and analyzed by SPSS 16 statistical software.
Results: The most widely used medicines for self-medication were those for common cold and antibiotics from among over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and prescription-only-medicines (POM), respectively. Perceived susceptibility (17.63± 3.46) was the main construct associated with self-medication among women.
Conclusion: Once the causes of self-medication and its relationship with the Health Belief Model constructs are known, designing and implementing educational programs aiming at promoting awareness and perception of population groups, especially women, seems necessary.
Hashem Mohammadian, Jafar Kord Zanganeh, Parvaneh Kiani, Farzaneh Sharifat,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (3-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Children are one of the most vulnerable groups in the population. Child abuse is a complex phenomenon with multiple causes. The purpose of this study was to do a confirmatory factor analysis of child abuse potential inventory among Ahvazi children in Ahvaz, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study, including all Ahvazi primary school pupils aged 8-13 years in the academic year 2015-2016.
The sample size for confirmatory factor analysis was determined based on the number of questions per parameter.The variance was extracted on the basis of mean scores and
composite reliability for structural equation modeling was determined based on the first-order and second-order confirmatory factor analysisusing the LISREL software.
Results: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a short form of the child abuse's original 3-actor structure, including the psychological, physical and neglect scales. The outcomes indicated that the firstorder model was a better fit for the data than the second.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the Ahvazi version of the child abuse potential inventory questionnaire is acceptable from a psychometric point of view. We think it is essential to take into consideration the diversity of perspectives between parents and children in future research in this area.
Elham Rashidian, Gholamreza Garmaroudi, Arash Rashidian, Mehdi Yaseri,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (6-2017)
Abstract
: Materials and MethodsThis study was a randomized controlled trial including 396 patients, conducted in 10 randomly health centers allocated as intervention or control groups. The data were collected using questionnaires. The educational intervention included holding educational classes, distribution of pamphlets, hanging posters/flyers, ResultsAnalysis of the data showed statistically significant differences between mean scores of the health belief model components (knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers) and practice in both the intervention and control groups before and after the educational intervention (p < 0.01).
: <span lang="EN" times="" new="" roman";="" "times="" "b="" lotus";="" en;="" major-bidi;="" major-bidi;"="">Considering the self-reported increased awareness and decreased practice in the intervention group, it seems that the health belief model is an appropriate model for reducing arbitrary use of antibiotics.
Saeid Ebrahimi, Abolghasem Pourreza, Fereshteh Farzianpour, Abbas Rahimi Foroushani,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Human resources in any organization are its main capital. They are the only unique asset that are not liable to depreciation over time, but they even create more added value. The Social Security Organization (SCO) as a social insurer organization needs urgent assessment of its human resource management. In this regard, it appears that such an essential assessment can be done using the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model.
Materials and Methods: This project was an applied descriptive study conducted at the Social Security General Department in Tehran, Iran. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire for performance assessment based on the EFQM model, the reliability of which (0.989) was determined by using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. A total of 388 questionnaires were distributed, of which 311 were completed and returned to the researcher; the response rate was 81%. Analysis of the data was done using the SPSS-16 software.
Results: The human resource managers in the SCO achieved a score of 495.72. The empowerment and results dimensions rated 261.34 and 198.38, respectively. In the empowerment dimension, policy and strategy criteria had the highest score (56.12) and process the lowest (51.28), while in the results dimension, community criteria had the highest (50.27) and the customers criteria the lowest (51.18) score.
Conclusion: Based on the findings it can be concluded that the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model is suitable for assessing both the performance, strengths and weaknesses of the Tehran Security General Department human resources and improving its performance. Certainly better implementation of programs and achieving excellence will be possible through sustainable collaboration.
Zahra Farahmand, Davoud Shojaeizadeh, Azar Tol, Kamal Azam,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common public health problems worldwide. Diabetic foot as a late complication of DM imposes high physical and emotional costs to the patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an educational program based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on diabetic foot care in type-2 DM patients.
Materials and Methods: Ninety seven (female=57, male=40) type-2 diabetes patients, randomly divided into two groups ̶ and intervention (n = 47) and a control group (n = 50) ̶ participated in this study. Using questionnaires data were collected, initially and 3 months after the educational intervention, on demographic characteristics, awareness and the HBM constructs. The intervention group participated in 3 educational sessions during the3-month period. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20, the statistical test being Shapiro-Wilk, Chi-Square, Wilcoxon, McNemar tests and paired T-Test.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences before the intervention between the experimental and control groups with respect to the mean scores of knowledge and HBM’s components (perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits and barriers, as well as self-efficacy and self-care). The intervention improved the scores significantly in the experimental groups (p<0.05), while there were no significant changes in the control group scores (p>0.05).
Conclusion: This study shows that type-2 diabetic patients need to learn how to take care of their feet and that implementing educational programs based on the Health Belief Model can be effective in this regard.
Elahe Zarean, Mehdi Yaseri, Mahmood Mahmoodi, Rasoul Entezar Mahdi,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Gastric cancer is one the most common gastrointestinal tract cancers in Iran, with East-Azerbaijan Province ranking second in the country. The objectives of this research were to determine the feasibility of using cure models in survival analysis and factors affecting short-term and long-term patient survival rates using the mixture cure cox model.
Materials and Methods: We used the available information on 184 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer in East-Azerbaijan Province cities referring to medical centers during the period 2009-2010 and followed up for 5 years.
Results: The median of survival time was 8.33 months (95% CI = 5.9-10.6). Fitting the univariate and final cox cure models showed that in the short-term survival the effect of the chemotherapy factor was statistically significant (Hazard ratio =0.49, 95% CI = 0.34, 0.69, p-value <0.001).
Conclusion: If the population under study consists of two groups of susceptible and non-susceptible individuals for the intended incident, the mixture cure models can be used for the discrete analysis of long-term and short-term survival of patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and identification of variables affecting the two survival rates.
Hashem Mohamadian, Mohammad Reza Jafari, Kambiz Ahmadi Anghali,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The prevalence of chronic diseases can be reduced by correcting people's food habits. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the explanatory power of the Expectation-Confirmation Model for the intention to continue fruit and vegetable consumption.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study included 332 elderly people with a history of receiving health care services from 8 rural health centers and 40 health houses in Abadan city, Iran in the second half of 2015. Data were analyzed by path analysis and the multicolinearity test using LISREL8.8 and SPSS16 software, respectively.
Results: Less than half (48%) of the subjects consumed 1 to 3 servings of fruit and vegetable daily. The model used could explain 79% of the intention to continue fruit and vegetable consumption. Analysis of the data also showed positive associations between the intention to continue fruit and vegetable consumption and the following variables: self-efficacy (β = 0.09, P <0.01), perceived ease of use (β = 0.15, P <0.01), perceived benefits (β = 0.37, P <0.01), and satisfaction (β = 0.35, P <0.01); however, the perceived barriers had an inverse relationship with that intention (β=-0/2, P <0.01). From among the constructs of the mode, perceived benefits were the most effective factor influencing the intention to continue fruit and vegetable consumption (β=0.85, P <0.01).
Conclusion: The model used in this study is suitable for explaining the elderly people’s intention to continue fruit and vegetable consumption. It is recommended that policy-makers use appropriate strategies to increase the understanding of the benefits of eating fruits and vegetables by the elderly and, thus, sensitize them to increase their consumption through public campaigns and communication with the relevant organizations, families, etc.
Beyram Bayat, Bahram Mohebbi, Azar Tol, Roya Sadeghi, Mir Saeid Yekaninejad,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Quality of life is considered as an effective indicator for general, as well as mental, health. With increasing longevity of individuals, health-promoting behaviors and rising quality of life will become much more important. This study aimed to determine the quality of life predictors among health volunteers in South Tehran Health Centers.
Materials and Methods: : This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 health volunteers of South Tehran Health Centers selected by cluster sampling. Data were collected using valid and reliable questionnaires for demographic variables, Health-promoting Behaviors (HPLPII) and Quality of life (SF-36), as well as the BAZNEF model constructs, whose validity and reliability were assessed (α: %88). Data analysis was done using the SPSS24 software, the statistical tests being descriptive statistics and multi-linear regression; a p-value <0.05 was used to show statistical significance.
Results: Regression analysis revealed that the strongest predictors for the quality of life were age (p=0.003), enabling factors (p=0.02) and general health-promoting behaviors (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The findings of this study confirm the suitability of the BAZNEF model for predicting health-promoting behaviors for the quality of life. Using this model can help in identifying factors influencing the quality of life of health volunteers and designing an appropriate educational program for them.
Asiyeh Molaeifard, Mohammad Hossein Haghighi Zadeh, Hashem Mohammadian,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Considering the lack of attention to the health promotion of adolescents due to their perception of being healthy in most countries of the world, we aimed to evaluate the predictors of adolescent health promoting lifestyle through path analysis based on IMB model.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study on 400 high school students in Andimeshk city in two urban and rural areas. The sample size was obtained using the Cochran formula.They were selected by classified random sampling. In this study, demographic data, information about IMB model structures and student adherence to healthy lifestyle were collected in four areas nutrition, physical activity, stress control and responsibility. Correlation between total structures was analyzed using SPSS-23 software. Lisrel 8.5 software. Meanwhile, the relationships between variables were analyzed using Path analysis to fit and approve model fit model using LISREL8.8 software.
Results: All structures of IMB model had a Significant relationship with adolescent healthy lifestyle. Self-efficacy structure had the most predictive power. In general, self-efficacy variables, 75%, motivation 66%, and 50% knowledge had a positive and significant effect on behavior. This model was able to explain 71% of the variance in adolescent lifestyle behavior. Also, in this model, the level of self-efficacy variance (behavioral skills), 52%,, And motivation variance was explained 57%. Motivation and knowledge indirectly influenced the lifestyle behavior (behavior) by 55% and 50%, respectively.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the IMB model has a good application for explaining and predicting the healthy lifestyle of adolescents. Accordingly, it is recommended that health planners apply the IMB model in order to promote adolescent lifestyle in this population.
Marzieh Mohammadpour, Mehdi Yaseri, Mahmoud Mahmoudi, Rasoul Entezar Mahdi,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in women and is the second cause of mortality due to cancer in women, with lung cancer being the first.
Materials and Methods: In this study we followed all the cases for 5 years, patients from West-Azerbaijan and East-Azerbaijan Provinces that diagnosed with breast cancer in 2009 and 2010 that attended to health cares. Using multivariate cure cox model for the influence of variables in this study.
Results: In this study 171 cases which suffering from breast cancer had the mean age of 55.9 ± 12.9 and the range of 23 to 89 years, in time of cancer diagnosis. Mean of patients follow-up was 51.7± 23.4 months with range of 11 days to 78 months. Overalls 52 death occurred and patient survival rate of 5 years was estimated 60. 6 percent. Eventually the two variables which are economic status and emergency hospitalization were found the two factors of pre-warning in long term survival of patient suffering from breast cancer.
Conclusion: Due to the findings, it seems using cure model in patients suffering from breast cancer was better than classical survival models.
Masoumeh Amiri Siavashani, Davoud Shojaeizadeh, Kamal Azam,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Observance of the principles of infection control in dentistry is the basis of preventing the transmission of dangerous diseases such as AIDS, hepatitis and preventing the spread of diseases in the community. In view of the importance of dentistry education in the field of observance of the principles of infection control, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention on infection control among dental students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: The present study is a pre and post interventional study that the number of samples is 75 dental students referred to Endodontics Department of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences for endodontic treatment and radiotherapy of teeth during treatment in the academic year of 95-96 that were selected by available sampling method and after determining the sample size, a researcher-made questionnaire was prepared based on the Health Belief Model and verified in terms of validity and reliability, and completed in two stages before and after training with a 3 month interval. Three training sessions were conducted in this study for 15-30 minutes during the course of one month as group training and question and answer. During these meetings, students were given useful materials about infection control in dentistry, pathogenic microorganisms, transmission methods, and infection control guidelines in dentistry radiology. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire based on Health Belief Model. after data collection, spss21 software was used to analyze them. Non-parametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, paired t-test and non-parametric Wilcoxon test were used for statistical analysis of the 0/05 significance level before and after the knowledge and structures of the health belief model.
Results: The results of statistical analysis showed that 62.7% of the participants were female students and 89.3% of single students, and the participants in the study were from 8,9,11 terms. The results of this study showed that the mean and standard deviation of knowledge and performance scores of students toward infection control before training were 11.48 ± 2.23 and 5.48 ± 0. 93, respectively, and after the training were increased to 14.75±0.57 and 9.36 ± 0.91. This difference was statistically significant by doing paired t-test (p the comparison of the mean and standard deviation of the scores of other aspects of the health belief model regarding infection control among dentistry students also showed a significant increase.
Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that education based on the health belief model has been effective in controlling infection in dentistry students.
Shabnam Hashemi Bakhshi, Zahra Jalili, Mahmoud Mahmoudi,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Nowadays, the need for informing children and teens in different ages, about sexual problems, is felt more than ever before. Sexual training and education; such as every other original training, must be done at the right place and time. On the other hand, this training should be based on a systematic program and educational models to achieve the desire results. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of educational intervention on the BAZNEF Model on mother's skill about sexual care of their children, Tehran 2017.
Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental intervention with control group. Ninety six mothers of children aged 5-6 were selected in Tehran pre-schools. They were randomly divided into two groups; intervention and control. Data were collected by a researcher made questionnaire based on BAZNEF Model whose the validity and reliability were confirmed. After pre-test, according to educational needs, educational content and program were based on BAZNEF Model and that were conducted in the intervention group. Data were analyzed by SPSS23, independent t, Mann-Whitney and Chi- squar statistic tests.
Results: The mean scores of attitude, subjective norms, behavioral intention and behavior showed no significant difference before the education in both intervention and control group. However, the result showed compelling difference in mean scores of attitude, subjective norms, behavioral intention and behavior after the education (p<0/001).Enabling factors showed no important variation among intervention and control groups before and after the experiment.
Conclusion: The finding of current study confirmed the educational intervention, based on BAZNEF Model, was effective on mother's attitude, subjective norms, behavioral intention and behavior about sexual care of their children.
