Showing 28 results for Tehran
Reza Majdzadeh, Arash Rashidian, Mohsen Shams, Davood Shojaeizadeh, Ali Montazeri,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (11-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In social marketing, the common techniques of commercial marketing are used to increase the chances of acceptability of an idea or action by the target group. In this study, we determined the impact of an intervention based on social marketing to reduce risky driving behaviors among taxi drivers in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study, consisting of a quantitative and a qualitative part, on taxi-drivers in 2 regions (an intervention and a control groups) in the City of Tehran. Based on a formative research approach, the components of social marketing, namely, the product (reminder message for concentrating on avoidance of two target behaviors, tailgating and not driving between lines), price, place and promotion were determined. An 8-week educational program was implemented, the components being installation of stickers before the driver's eyes, distributing a pamphlet, and transferring messages through taxi route supervisors as opinion leaders. After six weeks, risky driving behaviors were assessed by checklists and compared.
Results: The intervention resulted in statistically significant reductions in the two target behaviors in the intervention group as compared with the control group. Furthermore, logistic regression showed that the odds ratio for avoiding both behaviors increased significantly in the intervention group.
Conclusion: Determining specific target groups, designing interventions based on actual needs and wants of the target group, and focusing on the factors influencing the behavior market are the basic elements of social marketing. Due consideration of these elements when designing behavioral interventions would lead to reductions in risky driving behaviors.
Sima Zaeri, Saba Asgharzadeh, Shiva Khoshnevis, Mehrnoush Mohammadi, Kourosh Holakouie Naeini,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (11-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Community assessment is a process by which a clear picture of the community assets, strengths, resources, and needs is obtained with active participation of the community itself, followed by prioritization of the community needs and formulating strategies and programs to solve the problems. This study was conducted to identify and prioritize problems and needs of the Azerbaijan Borough in Tehran city, Iran, with active participation of the people.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to determine the attitudes and beliefs of the community members about their community needs and problems. The study was based on a model designed in North Carolina, US. In this model, the assessment process is performed in eight steps. In the first seven steps problems are identified and prioritized, and in step 8 a plan of action is developed to deal with the problem selected.
Results: A total of 40 problems were identified and divided into several groups. The most important problems were as follows: social problems environmental health problems educational and cultural problems, civil rights and urban services distribution and use of drugs lack of family counseling centers shortage of parks and playgrounds for neighborhood children lack of supervision by municipal contractors on urban cleaning and lack of mental health services specially for the elderly.
Conclusion: Several types of problems, including health, as well as non-health - social, cultural and economic - problems were identified. Community assessment provides an appropriate opportunity for active participation of community members and makes available sufficient information for sound decision-making. Thus, community assessment can be regarded as a suitable technique for identifying and prioritizing community needs.
Davood Pourmarzi, Shahnaz Rimaz, Effat Sadat Merghati Khoii, Masoud Solaymani-Dodaran, Ali Asghar Mosavi Mehraban, Sara Safari,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (7-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Access to reproductive health information and services is a basic right for the youth. Lack of suitable educational/counselling materials about reproductive health can decrease effectiveness of educational programs. This study aimed to determine the premarrital reproductive health educational needs of the youth.
Materials and Methods: In a descriptive-analytical study a total of 450 young males and females were selected by stratified random sampling to participate in pre-marital counseling in Tehran. Data about pre-marrital reproductive health educational needs were collected using a questionnaire developed by the investigator, with a 5 degree-Likert scale. SPSS-15 was used for data analysis, the statistical tests being t-test, one-tailed ANOVA and chi-square.
Results: Based on the Likert scale (1-5), felt need for reproductive health education was 3, it being higher among females (p<0.05). Both the males and females thought that what they needed most was education/counseling on healthy sexual relationship. The educational needs did not seem to be influenced statistically significantly by socio-demographic variables in either gender.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it seems that the current educational materials are not sufficient for pre-marrital counseling. Comprehensive information on reproductive health, with particular emphasis on sexual relationship, should be included in the existing programs, so that the youth can begin a better, healthier married life.
Behnam Lashgarara, Mahmood Taghavi Shahri, Agh Babak Maheri, Roya Sadeghi,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (7-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Internet has become an effective medium to transfer new scientific and research findings, knowledge and information in educational processes across the world. It also facilitates essential communication among millions of people globally and offers users plenty of entertainment for their leisure time. However, excessive computer use interferes with daily life and carries a risk of addiction. Therefore, the concept of internet addiction is now considered a social problem. This study was conducted to determine the association between internet addiction and general health among dormitory students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2010.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted in 2010, included 125 female- and 110 male-students from dormitories of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, selected by stratified random sampling. The instruments for data collection were two standard questionnaires - YANG Internet Addiction and Goldberg's General Health (GHQ). Data were analyzed by SPSS-19, the statistical tests being Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U, Chi-square, correlation coefficient, and multivariate regression.
Results: The results showed that, based on the YANG classification, 34% of the students were addicted to the internet. In comparison with ordinary users, the general health of the internet-addicted users was at a higher risk (p<0.001). The two groups were also different with regard to anxiety and depression (p<0.001), but not with regard to physical function or social function.
Conclusion: Internet addiction among dormitory students is a cause for concern. Well-designed programs focusing on education, counseling and behavioral intervention are needed to reduce internet addiction amongst vulnerable students.
Davoud Pourmarzi, Shahnaz Rimaz, Effat Sadat Merghati Khoii,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (1-2013)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Educational programs for couples' mental health promotion in marital life are a necessity. The first step in planning an educational program understands the needs of the target group. This paper reports the mental health educational needs in youth planning to marry.
Materials and Methods: In a descriptive-analytical cross sectional study, 450 individuals taking part in pre-marriage education courses in Tehran were selected by randomized stratified sampling. The data was collected using a questionnaire that measured the educational needs in the area of mental health by the 5-point Likert-type scale. Data analysis was done using the SPSS-15 software, the statistical tests being the independent T-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the chi-square test.
Results: On the whole, the subjects' felt need for mental health education was more than moderate (3 on the Likert scale) women expressed a higher need than men (p=0.001). The main concern of the participants - both men and women - was How to keep romance alive in married life. The extent of need expressed for mental education was not statistically different in different socio-demographic groups of women, while worker men expressed a higher need than self-employed men (P=0.018).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, young people planning to marry have a felt need for education in the area of mental health. It is recommended to design and implement educational programs to promote their knowledge in this area with due consideration of priorities stated by them.
Zohreh Sadat Mirsaeedi, Hassan Eftekhar Ardebili, Keramat Allah Nouri Jalyani,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (3-2013)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The most important single determinant of the quality of life of the elderly is health. Studies have shown that health declines with age. Because of high vulnerablity of the elderly due to many problems, they need particular attention and self-care programs for their health promotion. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of life of elderly clients under coverage of the Southern Tehran Health Center and determine the effects of a self-care program on it.
Materials and Methods: This was a controlled interventional study conducted in 2010-2011. A total of 132 elderly clients (52 in the intervention, and 80 in the control, group) were selected by randomised cluster sampling from 5 Health Care Centers in Southern Tehran. A 3-month educational program was prepared with contents based on books published by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and implemented. The quality of life was assessed in both groups at the beginning and 2 months after the intervention using a short questionnaire (sf36). Data were collected through a structured interview (demographic characterstics) and analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests.
Results: The mean quality-of-life score of the experimental group increased after education the mean score of physical domain of the quality of life increased from 52.75 in 66.11 and that of the emotional domain from 53.61 to 70.85. The scores of different domains of quality of life of the control subjects did not change significantly.
Conclusion: The findings show that a self-care educational program can have a positive affect on quality of life of the elderly.
Mohammad Javad Golhosseini, Hossein Kakooei, Jamaleddin Shahtaheri, Kamal Azam,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (6-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Motor vehicles are an absolute necessity used extensively in all countries of the world. They are a major cause of air pollution with highly undesirable consequences. Thus, exposure to traffic pollution is a growing public health concern. Several studies indicate that people in the cabin of a vehicle inhale air with high concentrations of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides(NOx), particulate matter (PM), volatile compounds (VOCs) and carbon monoxide (CO).
Materials and Methods: Eexposure of drivers inside motor vehicles to CO was assessed during one year in Tehran, Iran. For this purpose, the concentration of CO was measured in the breathing zone of 72 male taxi drivers using a portable real-time instrument equipped with electrochemical sensors. In addition, records of fixed air pollution monitoring stations in Tehran were examined and the CO concentration in those records were compared with those measured in the taxis.
Results: The mean in-vehicle CO concentration was 19.91 ± 4.37ppm, while records of fixed air pollution monitoring stations showed the concentration of this pollutant in the air to be 3.69 ± 1.03ppm.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that factors such as traffic density, weather conditions and vehicles lifespan affect the extent of exposure of taxi drivers to carbon monoxide.
Mehdi Memarpour, Ashkan Hafezalkotob, Seyed Khalil Allah Sajjadi, Mahnaz Mayel Afshar,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (9-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Nowadays selecting an appropriate technology for storing and disposal of health care wastes is a difficult task. For example, selecting an optimum technology for storing and disposal of hospital wastes is a complex multi-criteria decision-making process, which requires consideration of qualitative and quantitative factors and criteria. This paper presents a new decision-making model for selecting a better method in the management of health care wastes in the City of Tehran.
Materials and Methods: So far selection of technologies for health care wastes storing has been based on inaccurate information or uncertain data, and linguistic variables have been used by decision-makers (experts) to assess the ranks, criteria and options described.In this study a combinational multi-criteria decision-making model has been used which includes the fuzzy analytic network process technique and the fuzzy MULTIMOORA method. This model uses the fuzzy analytic network process to get the related with criteria and sub-criteria of better health care wastes storage technology and uses MULTI MOORA method for evaluation of five available technologies based on the above-mentioned criteria.
Results: Analysis of the data showed that the "environmental" and "technical" criteria were the most important criteria for selection of the best technology, while for storing health care wastes "hydroclave" is the most appropriate technology in the City of Tehran.
Conclusion: The proposed framework for assessing health care wastes technologies for storing hospital wastes is effective, and the hydroclave technology is to be considered as the best solution and the most suitable option from the environmental, public health and technical perspectives in the City of Tehran.
Mahnaz Mayelafshar, Mehdi Memarpour, Leyla Riahi,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (12-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Medication is a very important part of care and therapeutic services in health service delivery units. Therefore, medication errors in hospitals may cause serious problems in patient care and, even, death. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the type of medication errors reported and patient safety standards in a public hospital in Tehran, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the establishment of safety standards in 30 departments of Rajaee Hospital in Tehran, Iran and its relation to quality reporting medication errors by the hospital medical staff during the period 1391-1395 were investigated. Data were collected using two separate checklists, namely, "The establishment of medication safety” using the model 6R" and "The quality of reporting medication errors" and analyzed using the SPSS software, the statistical tests being inferential statistical tests including chi-square, phi coefficient and Cramer’s V.
Results: The data showed that the drug safety standards were established as regards five of the six components in this hospital (the sixth was safe patient positioning). The patient safety establishment was statistically significantly associated with the type of medication errors reported in the hospitals.
Conclusion: Since the process of drug therapy is a common practice in nursing services in the cardiac intensive care units, increased knowledge of nurses about the causes of medication errors, in order to prevent and reduce the occurrence of these errors, is considered quite necessary. Recommendations were made to reduce medication errors in hospitals.
Hossein Dargahi, Alireza Darrudi, Mehrzad Rezaei Abgoli,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: All hospitals need to be monitored and continuously evaluated. Pabon Lasso graphical model assesses the efficiency of hospitals using a combination of their input data and performance indicators. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Iran Health System Evolution Plan on Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) hospitals’ performance indicators using the Pabon Lasso model in 2016.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study including 8 general and specialized hospitals. The hospital input data and performance indicators were collected by permission of TUMS Vice-chancellor’s Office for Therapeutic Services. Chi-square and the two-sample T2 tests were used for data analysis, and hospital performance was assessed using the Pabon Lasso Model.
Results: The results showed that the number of TUMS hospitals located in zones 3 and 4 had increased after implementation of the Iran Health System Evolution Plan, which indicates improved efficiency of these hospitals, as confirmed by the chi-square test.
Conclusion: Based on the Pabon Lasso graphical model, it can be concluded that the performance indicators of the hospitals show improvements in performance after implementation of the Iran Health System Evolution Plan. The successful experience in the management of the hospitals in this study can act as a practical guide for managers of other hospitals throughout the country for better management.
Mohsen Roshanpajouh, Roksana Mirkazemi, Mehrdad Ehterami, Houman Narenjiha, Hossein Malek Afzali, Hamidreza Sarrami, Majid Rezazadeh, Fatemeh Abbasi, Saeid Noroozi,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Drug abuse is a long-standing social and public health problem in Iran. Access to accurate, reliable and up-to-date data related to drug use is essential for planning and policy-making for prevention of, treatment of, and harm reduction related to, drug abuse. The purpose of this study was to access accurate data regarding drug abuse prevalence and substance use in Tehran Province population.
Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional household survey with a sample of 6024 individuals aged 15-64 years residing in Tehran Province. Data on demographic characteristics and drug use during the previous week, month and year and the whole lifetime were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire.
Results: A total of 5646 individuals participated in the study. The lifelong prevalence of cigarette-smoking, hookah-smoking, alcohol consumption and drug use were 21.9%, 26.8%, 12.1% and 7.3%, respectively. The corresponding proportions during the previous week were 12.9%, 10.5%, 1.8% and 2.2%.
Conclusion: The prevalence of cigarette-smoking, hookah-smoking, alcohol consumption and drug use is high in Tehran Province. The prevalence of lifelong cigarette and hookah smoking and alcohol consumption is higher, while that of drug use is lower, than the respective national averages.
Samaneh Asadi, Faezeh Fazeli,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (5-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Healthy food and nutrition have always been a serious concern of human beings. In this regard, food safety is extremely important. As an example, nitrates in foods may affect their safety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nitrate contents of highly consumed food products (potatoes, tomatoes and onions) on sale in wholesale fruit and vegetable markets (Heravi, Mellat and Lavizan) in District 4 of Tehran, Iran.
Materials and Methods: Samples of the foods were collected in winter and spring, and their nitrate content was measured spectrophotometrically. The SPSS-20 software was used for data analysis.
Results: The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the vegetables nitrate contents in winter and spring. The nitrate content of onions in the spring in the Heravi market and that of potatoes in the winter in the Lavizan market were higher than the respective standard, while that of tomatoes was less than the standard in both seasons.
Conclusion: The nitrate content in the samples was in most cases below the respective standard, indicating that the vegetables on sale in the wholesale markets in Tehran were acceptable as regards nitrate content (at least in spring and winter).
Maryam Samani, Ahmad Golchin, Hosseinali Alikhani, Ahmad Baybordi ,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Heavy metals in atmospheric dust can enter the human body through ingestion, respiration and skin contact and cause various diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of lead, a heavy metal, in atmospheric dust and assess its health risk during the period between winter of 1397 and the fall of 1398 in regions 9, 10, 11 and 12 of Tehran Municipality, Tehran, Iran.
Materials and Methods: Atmospheric dusts were collected monthly during one year in the following locations in Tehran: west and east of region 9; east of regions 10, 11 and 12 (the locations in the west of these regions had common borders with the eastern part of the adjacent region). A factorial experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with three replications; the experimental factors included sampling locations and sampling times (seasons). The concentration of lead in the samples was then determined after extraction with hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid (ration 3:1).
Results: The lowest (177.1 mg/kg) and highest (98.476 mg/kg) concentration of lead were found to be in location 9W (Tehransar) in winter and in location 11E (Vahdet-E-eslami Avenue) in autumn, respectively. Further analysis of the data showed that ingestion of the atmospheric dust was the main risk of exposure to lead and that more than 90% of the risk index for non-cancerous diseases caused by lead was related to ingestion hazard quotient (HQ, risk equation).
Conclusion: Based on the findings it can be concluded that in winter the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI, non-cancer Risk Index) for lead were lower than the maximum permitted levels for adults and children and, so, did not pose any health risk for these age groups. However, in spring, summer and autumn the risk index for lead was higher than the maximum permitted level for children and, thus, the risk of children developing non-cancerous diseases was high in all the sampling locations.
Saeed Motesadi Zarandi, Rasul Nasiri, Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (6-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: High concentrations of particulate matter-25 (PM2.5) have been the cause of the unhealthiest days in Tehran, Iran in recent years. This study was conducted with the aim of the spatio-temporal analysis of traffic volume and its relationship with PM2.5 pollutant concentrations in Tehran metropolis, Tehran during 2015-2018, using the Geographic Information System (GIS).
Materials and Methods: In this study in different regions of Tehran, the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) model was used for prediction and zoning of the PM2.5 concentrations and traffic volume during the period 2015-2018. In addition, the association between the PM2.5 concentrations and traffic volume was determined based on the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model.
Results: The findings showed that the southern and southwestern regions of Tehran had the highest PM2.5 pollutant concentration (annual average more than 40 μg/m3), while the eastern and northern regions had the highest traffic volume. In addition, based on the GWR model, the eastern regions were found to have the highest local R2 values (between 0.36 and 0.70).
Conclusion: In most regions of Tehran, no strong association can be found between high concentrations of PM2.5 and traffic volume. However, based on the findings of this study we cannot reject the relationship between traffic volume and PM2.5 pollutant but postulate other sources to be the main reason for the high concentrations of PM2.5. Thus, in the first step, these sources should be identified, followed by adopting strategies for traffic volume control and reduction aiming at having a cleaner air in Tehran.
Rasul Nasiri, Saeed Motesaddi Zarandi, Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh ,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Climate change on the earth is changing faster than ever before in the history. Cities are highly vulnerable to this climate change. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate climate change in the metropolis of Tehran during the period 1991-2020 and help understand the limitations that cities may have in confronting climate change.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed based on the information obtained from the synoptic stations in the Tehran metropolis. First the relevant indicators were determined based on the opinions of experts and the existing literature, followed by analyzing the descriptive and analytical data on climate using the EXCEL-2016 software. Finally, based on reviewing the studies in the literature and analysis of climate data in the metropolis of Tehran, a single protocol was arrived at to study climate change in the city (microclimate) and how to reduce, and adapt with, the impacts of climate change in cities.
Results: Analysis of the data showed that the metropolis of Tehran had been facing an increase in temperature and a decrease in humidity over the preceding 30 years. The average monthly temperature increase and humidity decrease had been about 1.5° C and nearly 15%, respectively.
Conclusion: Tehran metropolis is faced with an increase in temperature and a decrease in humidity levels, the intensity of both of which will further increase in the future. Dense urban population areas will experience more intense climate change due to the formation of heat islands. To deal with this problem urban planners must consider urban socio-economic development in the context of adapting to climate change and reducing its impacts in various urban areas.
Ali Nik Farjam, Hassan Ajam, Robabeh Ansari Torghii, Hajar Alimohammadi, Yousef Alimohammadi , Elahe Hesari,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The process of identifying Covid 19 cases over time (the trend) can provide valuable information about the coverage of diagnostic and screening programs over time. This study aimed to investigate the outpatient trend of Covid-19 in selected comprehensive health service centers of Tehran University of Meical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The data collected inculded the number of referalls and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-positive individuals between April 13 and December 25, 2020. Central and dispersion indices (mean, median, standard deviation and interquartile range) were used to describe quantitative variables. In addition, linear and bar charts were used to describe the trend of the variables over time. All analyses were performed using the Excel 2016 and SPSS 22 software.
Results: The highest numbers of suspected cases of Covid-19 were found to be in April, June and October. There were 2 peaks in the trend of positive cases of Covid 19, and the highest proportions of daily positive cases of Covid 19 was seen in late June and early July, as well as in late September, October, and December. The highest numbers of individuals referred and tested were observed in the South of Tehran Health Center.
Conclusion: Considering the occurrence of two epidemic peaks during the study period, the occurrence of further epidemic peaks is almost certain to occur if there is no proper planning for public health services and primary health care by the responsible health authorities and policy-makers.
Farahnaz Mohammadi-Shahboulaghi, Tahereh Ramezani, Dariush Panahizadeh, Sholeh Hazarian, Reza Fadayevatan,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Delivering health services to the elderly is one of the most important responsibilities of the health care system of any country. In order to improve the provision of health services to the elderly population under its coverage, the National Social Security Organization conducted this study with the aim of designing, implementing and evaluating a model for providing outpatient health care services to the elderly population under the coverage of its Tehran Province Office.
Materials and Methods: This was a sequential-exploratory mixed-method study. The initial model was developed and validated using the integrated review method and the final model using the Delphi technique and group discussions with experts. Then the educational program was developed and implemented for the health team. Assessment of the effectiveness of the program was done using a researcher-made knowledge and attitude questionnaire (pre- and post-test). The model was then implemented in the Khandan-e-Hakim Clinic. The effectiveness of the model implementation was determined based on the qualitative content analysis of the interviews with the elderly and qualitative content analysis of the health team comments.
Results: The outpatient care model of the elderly included an organized clinical process consisting of 6 phases. The mean age of the health team members was 45.7±15.11 years. The difference between the health team satisfaction total scores before and after participating in the educational program was statistically significant (P≤0.05). Further analysis of the data showed, based on the interviews with the elderly, the main categories to be "assessment of cognitive function, mood and behavior", "physical assessment", "appreciation of the health and dignity of the elderly" and "satisfaction of the elderly and their companions". Analysis of the comments of the health team revealed their satisfaction with the implementation of the model.
Conclusion: The introduced model can make possible rapid identification of health problems and timely intervention in the elderly population. This implementation model will help disease prevention and complications at different levels. The findings of this study can help service providers to provide better care and health services for the elderly.
Alireza Delavari, Abbas Vosoogh-Moghaddam, Zahra Kazemi Esfa, Zahra Beigom Seyed Aghamiri,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (6-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The District Health Network is based on the principles of equity, appropriate technology, inter-sectoral collaboration and public participation. Measuring patient satisfaction is one of the basic criteria in determining the quality of care services. The purpose of this study was to compare the level of satisfaction of service recipients between government and non-government health posts in the south of Tehran in 2021.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study. A two-part researcher-developed questionnaire was used to collect data. The first part included items related to demographic characteristics of the clients, insurance status, geographical location and type of health post, appointment system and frequency of visits, and the second part contained questions on the type and level of satisfaction with the services provided.
Results: In the governmental health posts, the clients were mostly satisfied with, in a decreasing order, vaccination services, post-vaccination education, waiting time and physical space. In the outsourced posts, post-vaccination care education, under-one year old child care, vaccination and a sense of responsibility obtained, in an increasing order, the highest scores of satisfaction. Further analysis of the data showed the clients’ least satisfaction with youth and middle-aged care in governmental posts and youth care in outsourced posts.
Conclusion: Continuous and frequent measurement of satisfaction and developing timely interventions based on the results obtained will help greatly promotion of the quality of health services.
Zahra Mokhtari Nia, Forouzandeh Jafarzadehpour, Tahmine Shawardi,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Demographic policies are designed and implemented with the aim of creating a better life for individuals in the society as well as protecting national interests. However, whether the implementation of these policies has achieved this goal or has had other, possibly unwanted, consequences that would affect the lives of the citizens, especially vulnerable people, requires careful investigation. These policies have had profound effects on the family and the health of family members, especially women. The purpose of this research was to investigate the understanding and interpretations of women in the southern areas of Tehran who had experienced unwanted pregnancy regarding population increase policies and their effects on women and their family lives.
Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive qualitative study. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 23 married women with a history of unwanted pregnancy referring to the comprehensive health centers in districts 16, 17 and 19 of South Tehran Health Network. Purposive sampling was continued until a theoretical saturation was reached, and data analysis was performed based on the foundation data theory.
Results: Out of the primary data consisting of a total of 850 open codes, 452 concepts, 15 main categories and 47 sub-categories were extracted. Finally, "dissatisfaction with interventionism" was chosen as the main phenomenon covering the rest of the categories.
Conclusion: The most important factors causing dissatisfaction with government intervention among the participants are imposing costs related to unwanted pregnancies and keeping and raising an unwanted child. The intervening conditions of this phenomenon are "poverty and high cost". The participants' strategies included suppressing their wants, regret and attempts to improve the situation and reducing sexual relations.
Hossein Dargahi, Mahboubeh Anbari, Mahmoud Biglar,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of employees in an organization as an optional and voluntary behavior may help to improve organizational productivity. It is important to know that encouraging employees to perform voluntary behaviors needs pre-employment education training in the format of organizational socialization. Therefore, this study was conducted to find the association between organizational socialization and OCB among Tehran University of Medical Sciences Senate staff members, Tehran, Iran
Materials and Methods: This research was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study conducted in 2021-2022. The research population was a group of 1419 staff members in the Tehran University of Medical Sciences Senate, Tehran, Iran, from among whom an available sample of 243 was selected according to Krejcie and Morgan Table based on a response rate of 86%. Data were collected using the Katz’s Organizational Socialization and the Organ & Konovsky’s OCB Questionnaires, the face and content validity of which had been determined by experts, and based on the Cronbach's alpha test the reliability of the questionnaires was found to be 0.83 and 0.81 for the organizational socialization and OCB questionnaires, respectively. Data analysis for descriptive and analytical statistics was done using the SPSS software.
Results: The means of the employees’ organizational socialization and OCB scores were 3.8 and 3.35 (relatively high), respectively. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the organizational socialization and OCB and their subthemes.
Conclusion: Explaining and encouraging voluntary behaviors of organizational citizenship among the employees through implementation of pre-employment and on-the-job training and empowerment courses may help to promote organizational productivity.
