Showing 700 results for Type of Study: Research
Hamed Parvaz, Seyed Samad Beheshti, Ramin Moradi,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: This study aimed to investigate whether cultural intelligence, a construct measure of individuals' capacity to adjust to new surroundings and different cultures, has an effect on their social functioning and effective communication with others, ultimately influencing their overall social health.
Materials and Methods: This research was a quantitative survey conducted on a sample of 380 individuals aged 15 years and above selected by multi-stage sampling in Yasouj city, Iran using a questionnaire.
Results: Data analysis showed that the research population possessed higher levels of cultural intelligence and social health compared to the average levels, there being no difference between men and women. Married individuals were found to have higher averages of cultural intelligence and social health compared to single individuals. While there was no correlation between age and social health, there was a positive correlation between age and cultural intelligence.
Testing the hypotheses revealed that various dimensions of cultural intelligence had direct and positive associations with social health. Cultural intelligence with a standard regression coefficient of 0.372 accounted for approximately 14% of the changes in social health; age did not have an intervening effect on the relationship between these two variables.
Conclusion: Overall, the findings of this study indicate that individuals with higher levels of cultural intelligence possess a greater ability to understand and accept other individuals’ perspectives, this leading ultimately to enhanced societal engagement and interpersonal interactions. Consequently, this heightened cultural intelligence positively impacts their overall social health.
Mehrnoosh Ahangarani, Mohammad Jafar Tarokh,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In recent years, machine learning and evolutionary algorithms have drawn the attention of researchers and specialists in various fields, especially in healthcare, due to their practical applications in processing large datasets to provide valuable insights. Considering the increasing prevalence of diabetes and its rapid and accurate diagnosis being one of the most critical issues in medicine, significant concerns are faced by global communities worldwide. The present study was conducted with the aim of creating a diagnostic model based on evolutionary algorithms and machine learning to diagnose diabetes.
Materials and Methods: This research based on the Indian Pima diabetes dataset presents a framework based on intelligent diabetes diagnosis. The proposed method consists of two main stages. The first stage involves a classification approach using K-nearest neighbors and random forest algorithms. The second stage includes a combined feature selection and classification approach to enhance the results of the first stage, utilizing grey wolf optimization, whale optimization, and particle swarm optimization algorithms for feature selection. Comparative analysis among different approaches is conducted through evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score.
Results: After comparative comparisons among the proposed models, the random forest model based on the grey wolf optimization was selected and introduced as the final model with a prediction accuracy of 81.38%.
Conclusion: The findings of this research indicate that the use of evolutionary algorithms alongside machine learning models can often enhance the efficiency and accuracy of diabetes diagnosis and its associated complications.
Elham Fatholahi, Mohammad Jafari,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In recent years the interrelationships among environment, energy and health have attracted increasing attention due to their significant impact on human health. This study aimed to investigate the complex interactions among environment, economy, development, energy and the health outcomes in Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this research the annual national data in Iran between 1981 and 2021 were used, using the fully modified least squares cointegration. The following variables affecting life expectancy at birth were included in the analysis: renewable energy consumption, health costs, air pollution, female literacy rate, inflation rate, Gini coefficient, GDP per capita, financial development and fossil fuel consumption.
Results: Data analysis showed the following: 1. financial development positively affects life expectancy with a coefficient of 0.037 ; 2. CO2 emissions and fossil fuel consumption decrease life expectancy by 0.015 and 1.02, respectively; 3. Renewable energy consumption and health expenses have improved life expectancy in Iran with positive coefficients of 0.025 and 0.035, respectively.
Conclusion: To improve health care outcomes action should be taken in the following areas: increasing health expenditures, increasing the use of renewable energy, reducing the use of fossil fuels, strengthening long-term financial development for easier access to medical treatments, decreasing disease risk, healthier lifestyles, and environmental quality improvement. In addition, as regards policy-making, planning to improve economic indicators can provide the basis for demand for healthy and educational goods and improve the health status of the society.
Serajeddin Mahmoudiani, Majid Movahed Majd, Hadiseh Mohammadiha,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Healthy eating habits are undeniably one of the most crucial determinants of people's health in today's world. Undoubtedly food literacy and its components are key variables influencing food habits. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between food knowledge, food skills, resilience and healthy eating habits in the adult population of Shiraz City, Iran.
Materials and Method: A sample of 384 adults in Shiraz City was selected by cluster sampling and completed a questionnaire in 2023. Food literacy included 3 components, namely, knowledge, skill and resilience, determined using a standard 14-item questionnaire. The scale used to measure healthy eating habits included 6 items. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27 software.
Results: The majority of the sample demonstrated average levels of food knowledge, food skills, resilience and healthy eating habits. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between age and healthy eating habits, while individuals with university education exhibited significantly healthier eating habits compared to illiterate individuals. Furthermore, it was found that food knowledge and resilience had the most significant effect on healthy eating habits, respectively.
Conclusion: The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between the components of food literacy and healthy eating habits in the adult population of Shiraz City, Iran. Food knowledge and resilience had significant effects on healthy eating habits. In general, it can be concluded that the implementation of targeted training courses with a special emphasis on improving food knowledge and skills should be prioritized by relevant authorities. Promoting food literacy has the potential to promote healthy eating habits and ultimately elevate the overall level of community health.
Aram Halimi, Goljamal Jorjani, Leyla Sharifi Aliabadi, Mohammad Reza Taherian, Haniyeh Yeganeh, Matin Shokrgozar, Gholamreza Ebrahimi, Mohammad Hossein Panahi,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: This study aimed to assess and prioritize the health needs of a community served by the Imamzadeh Ghasem Health Center in Tehran city, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted based on the North Carolina model for comprehensive community health assessment. General information and available facilities were extracted from secondary sources, while insights into specific community needs were gathered through interviews with 76 individuals representing diverse demographics. The assessment was made by secondary data analysis and direct interviews.
Finally, the prioritization of health needs of the community was based on a scoring system based on severity, extent, and ease of being solved.
Results: The findings revealed that sewage problems, construction issues and waste management were considered to be the primary health concerns in the region. Comparative analysis with the situation in other regions in Iran emphasizes the unique challenges faced by the community in the present study.
Conclusion: The prioritized health issues highlight the community's urgent needs, requiring targeted interventions. Proposed solutions include legal measures, public education and municipal interventions to address the sewage, construction and waste management problems.
Musa Laighi Ghale Sokhteh, Ahmad Kalateh Sadati, Hossein Afrasiabi, Sara Sadeghieh,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The development of the rural areas relies heavily on addressing health issues and ensuring access to healthcare for the villagers. The primary objective of this research is to explore the perceptions and experiences related to access to health services among the residents of the Falard county in Lordegan, Iran.
Material and Methods: This study employed a qualitative research method utilizing grounded theory. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, achieving saturation with a sample of 20 participants. The manuscript data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding methods, ultimately leading to the development of a grounded theory.
Results: The findings showed that the understanding and experience of the villagers is based on the change in the pattern of diseases and the need for specialized and super-specialized services, and in this context, a kind of comparison is made with the urban dwellers. The participants face obstacles to receive the mentioned services, while the actions of the rural health house centers are not up to their expectations. The three main categories which explored are: incomplete access and coverage, feelings of inequality, and marginalization. The central theme of this research is encapsulated in the concept of an intensified perception of inequality in access to health services.
Conclusion: The development of rural villages relies heavily on addressing health issues and ensuring access to related services. Despite the significant efforts made by governments over the past four decades to improve rural health, access to these services remains a critical concern. The changing patterns of diseases, the aging population of villagers, and the growing sense of relative deprivation and inequality in accessing health services are the most pressing challenges that health policymakers must prioritize.
Adil Hamidvand, Behnam Behari, Mohammad Azimi,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The soul and body of a person are one of the noblest subjects that require a person to study and reflect on. In this regard, the Holy Qur'an and Atrat, in addition to their basic purpose, which is to guide humanity to salvation, have also explained the issues essential for improving the quality of worldly life. Undoubtedly, the physical health of individuals and human societies is one of the most important concerns of contemporary wise people. In this research, different aspects of physical health are discussed. The objective of this study was to examine the components of physical health from the perspective of the Qur'an and hadiths.
Materials and Methods: This study was an applied research carried out in two stages. The first stage was a descriptive and analytical qualitative study. The triangulation method was used to extract and compile the materials, that is, the study was done by referring to the foundations of the Qur'an and the narrations of the innocents (PBUH) as well as using the related research and theoretical foundations. In the second stage the content analysis method was used to check the frequency and importance of physical health components in the Quran. The content of the research project was examined from the point of view of the respondent (the text of the Holy Quran) and nineteen main components in the area of physical health.
Results: Data analysis showed the absolute frequencies (A.F.) of the components of physical health from the perspective of the Qur'an to be as follows: (A). Components with an A.F. of 1: 1. Commanding people to look at foods; 2. Consumption of honey as a health promoting food; (B). Components with an A.F. of 2: 1. using animal skin to cover human body parts; 2. Abulition (ghosl), ablution before prayer (vozoo), abulition with earth or sand (tayammom); (C). Components with an A.F. of 3: 1. placing animals in a special place; 2. being halal the consumption of aquatic animals and plants (sea foods); (D). Components with an A.F. of 4: 1. prohibition (being haram) of eating the meat of dead animals; 2. eating decayed bodies of dead animals; 3. the prohibition of eating pork; 4. the prohibition of drinking blood; 5. allowing the milk of domestic animals for feeding; 6. prohibition of wine; 7. breastmilk to feed infants; (E). Components with an A.F. of 5: wearing clothes to cover the human body; (F). Components with an A.F. of 9: eating clean and halal foods; (G). Components with an A.F. of 13: 1. sending water for drinking and quenching people; 2. fasting; (H). Components with an A.F. of 14: being halal (allowed to be eaten) and permissible the consumption of the meat of halal domestic animals; (I). Components with an A.F. of 47 (the highest A.F.): growing all kinds of fruits and plants for feeding.
Conclusion: The findings of this study show that among the components of physical health from the perspective of the Qur'an, the highest and the lowest coefficients of importance were growing all kinds of fruits and plants for feeding (0/055) and consumption of honey as a health promoting food (0/034), respectively.
Serajeddin Mahmoudiani, Roghayeh Khosravi, Jonathan Parker, Nazanin Aghaei,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Despite the importance of reproductive health and the utilization of contraceptive methods, their significance in public health and well-being is not yet fully understood in developing countries. It is expected that significant changes in Iran's family planning policy, coupled with the emergence of Covid-19, have influenced the contraceptive methods employed in the country.
Materials and Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study including 1200 married women of reproductive age using a quantitative survey method in Shiraz city, Iran in 2019. Sampling was done using a combination of multi-stage and systematic random classification methods. Data collection was done through a researcher-made structured questionnaire and analyzed using the SPSS software, the statistical tests being chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression.
Results: The main predictors of using contraceptive methods included women's age, actual fertility, ideal fertility, education level of the couple, and the employment status of the couple. After the Covid-19 pandemic there was an increase in the likelihood of utilizing traditional contraceptive methods.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, considering the notable preference among women for traditional contraceptive methods, particularly during epidemics, it is imperative to educate them about the problems associated with these methods. As traditional contraceptive methods can result in unintended pregnancies, educating women about these methods should be integrated into population policies.
Hamed Moslehi, Seyedeh Maryam Pourmousavi, Zeinab Zakani, Reyhane Fayyaz,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Available evidence shows the effectiveness of psychotherapy. However, the number of patients who deteriorate or do not improve is still problematic. On the other hand, while some therapists are generally more successful than others, most therapists have experienced both success and failure of therapy in different cases. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors effective in psychotherapy from the perspective of therapists and clients.
Materials and Methods: Based on the purpose of this research, it can be considered as an applied research and qualitative in nature. Data were collected through interviews and analyzed using the content analysis method based on the analogical approach. The samples of therapists and clients were selected purposefully from the statistical population including 1. Therapists (psychiatrists, psychologists and counselors) licensed by the Psychology and Counseling Organization with 5 years or more of therapy experience, and 2. Clients who had participated in at least one psychotherapy course. The sample size was based on theoretical saturation and, therefore, the interview process continued until ensuring sufficiency of the collected data; thus the interviews ended with the 21st person in the therapists group and the 15th person in the clients group.
Results: The factors in effective treatment were found to be in three areas, namely, the therapist (attitude, competence, personality, maturity, ability and appearance), the client (demographic characteristics, reason and method of referral, insight), and environmental factors (economic, socio-political issues, location of the psychological center, supporting problems, and daily living events of clients and therapists).
Conclusion: The findings of this research show the components and importance of the model of effective factors in effective psychotherapy to policy makers, trustees, professors and therapists in the field of mental health. The achievement of these components can increase the efficiency of the therapists in achieving their goals and also help a clients to choose a therapist.
ُsamane Miresmaeelii, Ali Mohammad Mosadegh Rad, Ebrahim Jaafaripooyan,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Accreditation as an external assessment model is considered a key program for evaluating health care organizations. The new health service accreditation system in Iran seems to lack the necessary standards for evaluating outpatient services and general clinics. The objective of this study was to design, based on the experiences of other countries, a model for accreditation of general clinics in Iran
Materials and Methods: This research was a qualitative review study conducted in two phases First, the methods and standards of accreditation of general clinics of selected countries were identified through a comparative review. In the second phase, the conceptual framework of the accreditation of these clinics was developed by an expert panel.
Results: The proposed framework for the accreditation of clinics starts with registering the application in the system and updating the information. After the clinic's self-evaluation and external evaluation, amendments will be made.
The key areas proposed for the accreditation of clinics included management and leadership, information management, process management, human resource management, salaries, and operational results. The country's clinics can be ranked in five levels, namely, excellent, good, average, poor, and substandard.
Conclusion: Considering the processes and areas determined in this study and the lack of a systematic approach, the proposed accreditation model could provide a scientific and practical method for the internal and external evaluating bodies to provide a relevant and valid evaluation of the general outpatient clinics in Iran.
Ronak Milady, Zahra Naghibifar, Mohammad Hossein Zamanian, Armin Naghipour, Arshia Sakhaei,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Various viral infections are one of the risk factors of kidney transplant rejection in patients receiving this organ. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the frequency of viral infections in kidney transplant recipients in Iran.
Materials and Methods: This study was a systematic review. Keywords in the titles or abstracts of the articles published in Persian and English were searched in various databases during the period 2013-2023.
Results: A total of 2822 samples were examined, the largest and smallest sample sizes being 1615 and 50 patients, respectively. The highest viral infection frequencies were found in Gilan, Mashhad, Rasht and Ahvaz provinces with frequencies of 54 (52.9%), 54 (21.9%), 54 (49%) and 51 (41.8%), respectively. The frequencies of BK virus, cytomegalovirus and hepatitis C virus were the most common viral infections among the kidney transplant recipients.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study and higher prevalence of BK and CMV virus infections in kidney transplant recipients it is essential to screen organ donors for these viruses in the country.
Abedin Iranpour, Nouzar Nakhaee, Ali Bahramnejad, Ali Karamoozian, Tahereh Yazdinejad,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: One of the most significant predictors of substance use disorders is the level of resilience in individuals. This study aimed to determine the association between resilience and substance (alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs =ATOD) use disorders among young people aged 18 to 29 in Kerman city, Iran in 2022.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a multi-stage sampling method including 407 young individuals aged 18 to 29 years in Kerman city, Iran from spring to winter 2022. The sample was selected from among individuals referring to five women's and five men's hair salons and four methadone maintenance treatment centers in each district of Kerman Municipality. The date on resilience, as well as demographic information, were collected using the short-form RS-14 Resilience Scale, the ACE-8 Childhood Experiences Scale and the Substance Use Disorder questionnaires through face-to-face interviews.
Results: The likelihood of substance abuse and referral to methadone maintenance treatment centers was found to increase with age, male gender, a history of domestic violence, and lower education levels. Conversely, higher resilience was associated with decreased likelihood of substance abuse and referral to treatment centers (p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the importance of developing effective programs to enhance resilience among youth, which will result in reduced risk of substance abuse. The results of this study can be used for appropriate planning and development of strategies to support youth health.
Parisa Berimavandi, Narjes Shokri, , Masoud Karimi, Seyed Mansour Kashfi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (3-2024)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: The corona epidemic and home quarantine have affected the participation in physical activities of the elderly however the elderly, especially the frail older adult with obesity, have to do regular exercise to maintain or improve their health.the aim of this research effectiveness of Physical Exercises on the Cognitive Performance and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living of Frail older adult.
Materials and Methods: The statistical population in this semi-experimental research was the elderly women of Shiraz. 80 women participated in the research according to the goal-based method and according to the entry criteria, and were randomly divided into two groups of 40 people, test and control. The test group received and performed their exercise program during 8 weeks in 3 sessions (one hour) via WhatsApp. Before the intervention and one month after the last intervention session, the two groups of participants completed demographic questionnaires, Tilburg vulnerability index, short cognitive status test and Lawton index. To analyze the data, independent team and paired t-tests were used in SPSS version 27 software.
Results: The results showed that performing movement exercises on the Frailty (Cohen’s d =1/39) (p<0/001), Cognitive status (Cohen’s d =1/41) (p=0/04) and doing instrumental life activities independently (Cohen’s d =0/40) (p=0/007) It had a positive effect on Frail Older Women.
Conclusion: The findings of this research support the dominant effect of the exercise protocol implemented in this research on the mentioned variables; Therefore, it is recommended to use these exercises during periods such as corona quarantine at home.
Maryam Mahmoudi, Mina Hajimohammadi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Assessing dietary intake and nutritional status of dialysis patients can be challenging. Accurate and regular assessment of patients ensures adequate macronutrient and micronutrient intake, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality and improving patients' quality of life.
Materials and Methods: A scientific search was conducted in scientific databases and search engines such as PubMed, Google scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus with the keywords dialysis, peritoneal dialysis, end-stage renal disease, renal failure, chronic kidney disease, nutritional needs, and nutritional assessment in English to find studies published between 2014 and 2024. A total of 18 articles were found and reviewed based on the inclusion criteria.
Results: The goals of medical nutrition therapy for the management of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) include the following: preventing nutritional deficiency and maintaining appropriate nutritional status (in children, growth support) through adequate intake of protein, energy, vitamins, and minerals; controlling edema and electrolyte imbalance by controlling sodium, potassium, and fluid intake; preventing or delaying the progression of renal osteodystrophy by controlling calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone; enabling the patient to consume a balanced diet that is appropriate to the patient's lifestyle to the extent possible; coordinating patient care with family, dietitians, nurses, and physicians; providing initial nutrition education, periodic counseling, and long-term monitoring of patients with the aim of receiving adequate education to be able to control their diet.
Conclusion: Dialysis is a treatment for the survival of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and nutritional care is an integral part of the patient's treatment process.
Serajeddin Mahmoudiani, Parnian Karami, Fatemeh Hashemi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Considering the decrease in fertility in Iran, which has reached below replacement levels, policymakers seek to increase the fertility rate through incentive policies. Therefore, research on economic and social factors affecting fertility and the intention to have children can help formulate more appropriate demographic policies.
Materials and Methods: In this quantitative study, the survey technique was employed, utilizing a standard questionnaire for data collection. The statistical population comprised married women aged 15 to 49 residing in Shiraz. A total of 384 women were surveyed in 2023, and data analysis was conducted using SPSS 27 software
Results: The findings indicated that, among the contextual variables, the duration of marriage, income, class belonging, housing status, and employment status had a significant effect on the probability of women's fertility intention (p< 0.05). Additionally, perceived social support and marital satisfaction significantly increased the probability of women's fertility intention (p<0.05)
Conclusion: As the structure of families has shifted from extended to nuclear, it is possible that women may not receive as much informal social support from their neighbors as in the past. Therefore, official government support can fill this void. Additionally, identifying couples experiencing marital conflicts and attempting to strengthen marital satisfaction while resolving conflicts through counseling programs can have a positive impact on fertility levels
Kimiya Ghanbari, Majid Mahmoudalilu, Abass Bakhshipour Roodsari,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Different attachment styles cause fundamental differences in the mental representations of romantic love in adults. The present study aimed to investigate the prediction of emotional divorce and marital satisfaction through attachment styles in couples referring to health centers.
Materials and Methods: The present study is a descriptive study. The statistical population was women and men referring to health centers and health bases in Bandar Abbas. Using the available sampling method, 150 people were selected as samples. The research tools in this study were Hazen and Shaver attachment style scales, Phil emotional divorce, and Enrich marital satisfaction. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression with SPSS 23 software.
Results: The results showed that there is a significant correlation between attachment styles and marital satisfaction. There is a significant relationship between secure attachment style and emotional divorce (p < 0.01). However, there was no relationship between insecure attachment style (anxious and ambivalent) and emotional divorce. Stepwise and simultaneous multiple regression analysis to predict marital satisfaction and emotional divorce through attachment styles showed that attachment styles have a significant contribution in predicting marital satisfaction and emotional divorce. Among attachment styles, secure attachment style had a higher power in predicting marital satisfaction (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: As a result, it seems that secure attachment style can be one of the protective factors for the occurrence of symptoms of marital dissatisfaction and emotional divorce.
Seyedeh Marzieh Farid, Reza Pourhosein, Gholamali Afrooz,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The suicide is one of the threatening topics for the health general of society, and spiritual health and ego strength strength are among the factors that can be effective in reducing it. Therefore, this study aimed to the causal modeling of suicidal psychopathology based on spiritual health and ego strength.
Materials and Methods: The present study was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included all individuals with a history of suicide registered in the site of the Payesh Center in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) in the first half of year 2022. Among them, 210 people were selected by purposive sampling and they answered the Inventory of Motivations for Suicide Attempts (May & Klonsky, 2013), Spiritual Wellbeing Scale (Paloutzian & Ellison, 1982), and Psychosocial Inventory of Ego Strength (Markstrom, 1997). Data were analyzed using path analysis of structural equation in SPSS23 and Amos24 softwares.
Results: The findings showed that direct effect spiritual health (negatively) on suicidal psychopathology is significant (p <0.05). Also, the results of the mediating role of ego strength showed that ego strength have a significant mediating role between spiritual health and suicidal psychopathology (p <0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the spiritual health directly, and ego strength indirectly has been effective on the suicidal psychopathology. Therefore, it is suggested that mental health clinics pay attention to their spiritual health and ego strength in review suicidal psychopathology of individuals with a history of suicide.
Seyed Alireza Ahmadi, Mohsen Momeni, Mina Danaei,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Stomach cancer is of great importance in Iran due to its high incidence and mortality rates. This study aimed to evaluate the status of behavioral risk factors for stomach cancer among adults visiting healthcare centers in Kerman city in the year 2023.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 410 adults visiting comprehensive health centers in Kerman city using a quota sampling method. A questionnaire containing demographic information and a Gastric Cancer Behavioural Risk Assessment Inventory (GC-BRAI) was provided to the participants. Independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation tests were used for analysis. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.
Results: The total score for behavioral risk factors for stomach cancer was 49.54. The mean total score decreased with increasing age (p=0.007) and increased with a higher body mass index (p=0.006). Men had a significantly higher mean score than women (p<0.001). The mean total score significantly differed based on occupation (p<0.001).
Conclusion: These findings emphasize the importance of addressing modifiable risk factors for stomach cancer, particularly in individuals identified as being at higher risk according to this study.
Seyedeh Mahboobeh Hosseini Zare, Jafar Babapour, Maryam Zare, Ahmad Siar Sadr, Seyed Mahdi Mohsenzadeh, Bijan Khorasani ,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (3-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The prevalence of COVID-19 and its impact on mental health posed a significant challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. Healthcare systems were required, in addition to their responsibilities such as rapid diagnosis, controlling and slowing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, to adopt strategies to mitigate the psychological effects of this disease in the society. The objective of this study was to examine and review mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic and strategies adopted to cope with it in various countries.
Materials and Methods: All published articles on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and coping strategies between February and October 2020 were reviewed in four databases and one search engine. A total of 394 articles that met inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected using a 15-point tool developed by Miton and colleagues. Ultimately 25 articles were selected and analyzed.
Results: The most prevalent mental health issues identified in the reviewed articles were depression, anxiety and stress. In addition, vulnerable and high-risk groups were recognized as being women, individuals with pre-existing health issues, youth aged 18 to 29 years, frontline healthcare workers and individuals without an income.
Conclusion: Despite various strategies chosen and adopted in different countries, the majority of people suffered from mental health challenges arising from COVID-19. During an outbreak collaboration between health system authorities and media in providing accurate and effective information, as well as offering preventive measures, can facilitate the prevention of mental health within a population. Therefore, it is essential for the health systems to pay attention to mental health infrastructure and design comprehensive strategies to address future crises.
Hadi Kasbkar, Maryam Rasoulian,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (3-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Medical residents play a pivotal role in the healthcare system of a country. Their mental health directly influences their professional performance and commitment. This study aimed to explore medical residents’ experiences of respect in the workplace and identify instances of disrespect within hospital environments.
Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative study in which data were collected using in-depth individual interviews and focus group discussions. Data were recorded, transcribed and analyzed through content analysis and coding-categorization methods. Qualitative content analysis was performed using the MAXQDA software (Version 20).
Results: The findings revealed that medical residents face numerous challenges, including injustice, verbal abuse, bullying and excessive workload. Educational inequity, overwhelming workloads, and unfair evaluations were identified as manifestations of injustice. Verbal violence, disrespect from the staff, and offensive language exemplified instances of disrespect. Coercion to perform tasks beyond their responsibilities and violations of human rights were categorized as bullying behaviors. These conditions have led to psychological stress, frustration, reduction of incentive and in some cases the use of psychiatric medications, and diminished motivation among residents.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that the working environments for medical residents in many hospitals and educational centers are stressful and unsuitable. Reforms in educational, managerial and support systems are urgently needed to improve these conditions. Respectful behavior not only reduces stress and enhances job satisfaction but it also contributes to the professional development of residents.
