Showing 199 results for Mohammad
Seyed Samad Beheshti, Mohammad Norian Najafabadi,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: One of the dimensions of health is mental health that could be affected by the quality of occupational life. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of job satisfaction on teachers' mental health with due consideration of the moderating role of gender and the subjects taught.
Materials and Methods: This was a quantitative survey using a questionnaire including a sample of 373 teachers, selected by multistage random sampling, from among all (n = 1500) the secondary school first- and second-grade teachers in Najafabad city, Isfahan Province, Iran. Data analysis was done using the software AMOS and SPSS.
Results: The confirmatory factor analysis of the items showed that these items could explain 63.25% of the variance of the mental health construct. In addition, the standard effect of job satisfaction on mental health was found to be 0.37 (p <0.001), explaining 13% of the mental health construct variance. Further analysis of the data showed that the teachers’ mean mental health construct (66.64) and their mean of job satisfaction (73.90) were lower and higher than the means of the respective spectra (p <0.001), respectively.
Conclusion: Job satisfaction, which has been proven to affect the teachers’ mental health, can improve their personal and social life and make them more efficient in education. In this regard, gender and the type of subject taught can have moderating effects on the relationship between job satisfaction and mental health of the teachers. Based on the beta-values (0.55 for the women group and 0.68 for the experimental science teachers group), the gender female and teaching experimental science can have a stronger effect on the teachers’ mental health than gender male and teaching subjects other than experimental science.
Mona Mohammad Hosseini, Bita Nasrolahi, Reza Ghorban Jahromi,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Systematic review of research suggests that different variables can affect the treatment of anxiety and that, although many therapies can be effective, the role of schema therapy in the perfectionism of anxious people has been neglected. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of anxiety treatment through schema therapy on perfectionism of anxious people. The study was an applied quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group.
Materials and Methods: From among all the women with anxiety aged 20 to 30 years referring to the New Presence Clinic in Tehran, a sample of 30 were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to either an experimental (n =15) or a control (15 people) group. Initially they all completed the Terry-Short et al. (1995) Perfectionism Questionnaire. Then the experimental group received education in schema therapy, followed by a post-test for both groups. The data were analysed using multivariate analysis of covariance the software SPSSV19.
Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups as regards the two components of positive (p<0.019; F=6.275) and negative (p<0.006; F=9.136) perfectionism. Based on the descriptive findings it can be said that, compared with the control group, the experimental group could, after the schema therapy intervention, obtain lower scores in the perfectionism components post-test.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be said that schema therapy in the treatment of anxiety can reduce the perfectionism of individuals. Therefore, a knowledge of this training can help psychologists, counsellors, students and other professionals to improve the positive and negative perfectionism variables in people suffering from anxiety.
Ali Labaf, Mohammad Jalili, Ebrahim Jaafari Pooyan, Maryam Mazinani,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The strategies of hospitals in confronting the Covid-19 crisis is extremely important in the control and management of this epidemic. Exploring the challenges and suitable strategies for controlling biological epidemics in Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) hospitals might pave the way for better management of possible similar crises in the future.
Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative, exploratory and inductive study including 22 health professionals from TUMS involved in the management of the disease. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed by thematic analysis, using MAXQDA.
Results: The most important challenges identified were related to the lack of preparedness at the macro-level, impracticability of controlling the use of personal protection equipment (PPE) and the consumption of medications, as well as provision of equipment, medications and protecting medical devices. The effective strategies and interventions in the pandemic were grouped into the following categories: manpower, education, communications, clinical work, decision-making and organizational activities.
Conclusion: Preventive measures and preparedness before the onset of the crisis have not received sufficient attention. Hospitals could have an important role in confronting the crisis through promoting work efficiency and standards. Timely prevention and preparedness before a pandemic as regards medications, personal protection equipment and diagnostics are extremely essential, as are timely and flexible decisions by crisis committees and the control of manpower emotions flux during crisis management.
Ali Mohammad Mosadeghrad, Mahdiyeh Heydari, Mahya Abbasi, Mehdi Abbasi,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (6-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The realist review has been introduced to review and synthesize the evidence related to the implementation of complex healthcare interventions. This method interprets the results of an intervention by explaining the causal relationships between the intervention and the results. This study aimed to explain the methodology of realist review in the health system.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using the scoping review. The following databases were used to find articles using appropriate search strategies and relevant key words: Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Embase electronic databases, as well as Google Scholar and Google search engines. Finally 49 articles were selected (in the period between January 1990 and December 2020) for review.
Results: The realist review is a theory-based approach to synthesize evidence related to the complex interventions, explaining the reasons for the successes or failures of interventions based on the causal relationships between the interventions, contexts, mechanisms and outcomes. A protocol was introduced to conduct a realist review composed of three phases ─ explaining, development and correcting the intervention program theory ─ and including seven steps of determining research questions; explaining the initial program theory; developing search strategies; collecting, evaluating and selecting evidence; synthesizing evidence; modifying the initial theory; and making suggestions. In addition, the structure of a realist review article was described and a checklist for evaluation of a realist review study was introduced.
Conclusion: The realist review is a suitable method for reviewing the complex health system interventions, explaining how an intervention relates to the results obtained. A realist review explains how, under what conditions and for whom a health and therapeutic intervention works.
Saeed Motesadi Zarandi, Rasul Nasiri, Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (6-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: High concentrations of particulate matter-25 (PM2.5) have been the cause of the unhealthiest days in Tehran, Iran in recent years. This study was conducted with the aim of the spatio-temporal analysis of traffic volume and its relationship with PM2.5 pollutant concentrations in Tehran metropolis, Tehran during 2015-2018, using the Geographic Information System (GIS).
Materials and Methods: In this study in different regions of Tehran, the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) model was used for prediction and zoning of the PM2.5 concentrations and traffic volume during the period 2015-2018. In addition, the association between the PM2.5 concentrations and traffic volume was determined based on the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model.
Results: The findings showed that the southern and southwestern regions of Tehran had the highest PM2.5 pollutant concentration (annual average more than 40 μg/m3), while the eastern and northern regions had the highest traffic volume. In addition, based on the GWR model, the eastern regions were found to have the highest local R2 values (between 0.36 and 0.70).
Conclusion: In most regions of Tehran, no strong association can be found between high concentrations of PM2.5 and traffic volume. However, based on the findings of this study we cannot reject the relationship between traffic volume and PM2.5 pollutant but postulate other sources to be the main reason for the high concentrations of PM2.5. Thus, in the first step, these sources should be identified, followed by adopting strategies for traffic volume control and reduction aiming at having a cleaner air in Tehran.
Samad Beheshti, Mohammad Norian Najafabadi,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (6-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The human mental health is a multidimensional and complex issue affected by a wide range of biological, psychological, sociological, economic and cultural factors. Considering the social nature of human life, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between some social variables, e.g., social support, social bond, social trust and social status, and teachers’ mental health.
Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional quantitative survey using a questionnaire to collect. The sample included 373 primary school teachers (first and second grades) in Najafabad, Isfahan, Iran selected in 2020 by multi-stage random sampling. Data were analyzed using the structural equation modelling technic, with the SPSS-25 and Amos-23 software.
Results: The confirmatory factor analysis of the items showed that they could explain 63.25% of the variance of the teachers' mental health variable, the social support, social status and social trust variables affecting it (0.65, 0.45 and 0.18, respectively), with a confidence interval of 99% and p<0.001. On the whole, the independent variables could explain 76% of the variance of the teachers’ mental health. In addition, moderation analysis showed that in general gender moderates the effects of social variables on the teachers’ mental health, the female gender having stronger effects in these relationships.
Conclusion: The results of this study show that primary school teachers' mental health, which is an individual/private phenomenon, is greatly affected by their quality of social life, some factors such as social support, social status and social trust potentially influencing it. Moreover, this effect is much more pronounced among women than men.
Ali Mohammad Mosadeghrad, Rahim Khodayari, Mehdi Abbasi, Fereshte Karimi,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (9-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The health financing system is the process of collecting, pooling and managing financial resources to purchase health services. Sustainable financing of the Iranian health system is crucial for achieving universal health coverage. The purpose of this study was to identify strategies for sustainable financing of the Iranian health system.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using the scoping review in 2020. The following databases and search engines were searched systematically between 21.03.2002 and 21.09.2020 to find studies related to sustainable financing strategies for the Iranian health system: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase, Magiran, Iranmedex and SID databases, and two search engines; i.e., "Google" and "Google scholar”. Finally, 47 studies were selected and analyzed using the MAXQDA software and the framework analysis method.
Results: A total of 40 strategies were identified for strengthening the sustainability of Iran's health financing system, which were grouped into three categories: collecting funds, pooling funds and purchasing health services. The most frequently cited strategies for sustainable financing of the Iranian health system were the following: increasing the health share of gross domestics product, expanding tax revenues, pre-payment methods of health financing, strengthening public-private partnership, increasing the efficiency of the health system, reducing health system costs, consolidating insurance funds, eliminating insurance overlaps, value-based health service tariffs, optimizing health services support packages, and fixed payment methods based on the performance of the health service providers.
Conclusion: The Iran's health financing system must be strengthened in such a way as to make it possible to collect, pool and manage sufficient financial resources to be used to purchase health services for the people to ultimately ensure universal health coverage leading to the promotion of the public’s health.
Mohammad Javad Kabir, Alireza Haydari, Mohammad Reza Honarvar, Zahra Khatirnameni, Abbas Badakhshan, Narges Rafiei, Sakine Beygom Kazemi, Seyed Mehdi Sedaghat, Mehrdad Kamangari, Masoumeh Gholami, Maryam Eri, Mansoureh Lotfi,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (9-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The World Health Organization considers the implementation of the referral system to be a key step in improving the quality of services in health care systems. The purpose of this study was to explain the executive challenges of the electronic referral system in Golestan Province, Iran.
Materials and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in Golestan Province, Iran in 2019 with a content analysis approach. The participants were family physicians, specialists, university staff managers, responsible health officers in the Offices of Deputy Ministers of Health, the General Directorate of Health Insurance, Department of Information Technology, Rural Health Network managers, health network managers and patients selected purposefully. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the content analysis method.
Results: The main challenges of giving appointments to patients included the lack of time of family physicians, the irregular presence of specialists, difficulty in getting an appointment, and reverse referrals. As regards referrals and waiting times, the main challenges were found to be the lack of sufficient admissions following cancellation of the health insurance contract with the private sector, the delay of physicians in attending the health centers, long waiting times to be visited, and writing the feedback by the physicians. In addition, the main challenges of the visits and diagnosis included the short visiting times, the higher quality of the specialists' visits in the private sector, and the lack of clear guidelines. Finally, the main challenges as regards giving feedback were the reluctance and noncommitment of some specialists to provide feedback, as well as the low quality and lack of usability of the feedbacks given.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the following actions and measures may help improve the current situation as regards the current referral systems: allocating sustainable resources; allocating financial credits; designing and implementing a reward and punishment system; reforming the queuing system; empowering medical students; and equipping specialists with electronic pens for giving written feedback.
Sogand Ghasemzadeh, Zahra Naghsh, Mohammad Gholami Fesharaki, Elham Shafiee,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (9-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is experiencing some physical and psychological symptoms in the last days of the menstrual cycle; it interferes with educational, social and family functioning, creating problems for the adolescents. The objective of this study was to determinee the effectiveness of a transdiagnostic treatment program on anxiety, depression and stress in female adolescents with premenstrual syndrome and their mothers' quality of life.
Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 26 female adolescents with PMS referring to two health centers in Tehran, Iran in 2019. They were divided randomly in 2 groups, namely, an intervention (n=12, attending six 90-minute session per week) and a control (n=14) group. Data were gathered using the WHO Quality of Life, Beck depression, the DASS and PMS Screening Tool (PSST) questionnaires initially and after one month. The repeated ANOVA test was used for data analysis using SPSS software version 21; a p-value of <5% was considered to show statistical significance.
Results: As compared to the control group, at the end of the period the intervention group showed a statistically significant decrease in the means of the three variables of depression, anxiety and stress (p <0.05). The decrease significantly improved the quality of life of the mothers.
Conclusion: The findings of this study show that a transdiagnostic treatment program can be an effective method to reduce the psychological problems of adolescent girls and improve the quality of life of their mothers.
Monire Mohammadinezhad Motlagh, Siavash Talepasand, Eshagh Rahimian Bouger,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (9-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional working memory education on the ability to control emotions and cognitive emotion regulation in women hurt by infidelity.
Materials and Methods: This was a pre-test, post-test and follow-up single-blind intervention study. From among the women hurt by infidelity referring to the Social Emergency Department of Sabzevar City, Iran between September and January 2021, a sample of 42 were randomly selected and assigned to either an experimental (n = 21) or a control group (n = 21). They completed 2 questionnaires, namely, an Inhibition of Emotions Questionnaire (27) and a Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (29), initially and after the intervention. The education was carried out in 20 sessions using emotional working memory education software (32). The data were analyzed using the repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance.
- : Analysis of the data showed that emotional working memory education can affect the ability to control emotions and regulate cognitive emotion in women hurt by infidelity.
- : A complementary treatment strategy for controlling emotions and cognitive emotion regulation in women hurt by infidelity is emotional work-based education. Practical implications of the findings of this study were discussed.
Ali Mohammad Mosadeghrad, Mahdiyeh Heydari, Parvaneh Esfahani,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The Primary Health Care (PHC) system is the most comprehensive, equitable and efficient way to promote people's health and social welfare by providing preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliatvie services in a place close to where people live and work. Iran's PHC system faces challenges that limit its effectiveness and efficiency. The aim of this study was to identify strategies to strengthen Iran's PHC system.
Materials and Methods: A realistic review method was used in this research. Published articles on strategies to strengthen the PHC system between 1978 and 2019 were searched in eight databases and Google scholar search engine. Finally, 29 articles were found to be eligible for inclusion in this study; framework analysis was done using the MAXQDA-10 software.
Results: Twenty-nine strategies were identified for strengthening the PHC system. A well designed PHC system is one with the following characteristics: realistic goals and appropriate strategies equipped with necessary resources, organized in multidisciplinary teams that provide comprehensive and quality health services (intervention program), with strong governance and leadership, financing, work force, equipment and medicines, information systems and robust health services delivery processes and well adpated to the external environment (context). Such a PHC system will increase healthcare providers’ satisfaction and commitment, as well as the patients’ trust, participation and satisfaction (the mechanism) and, finally, promotes, restores, and maintains the people health (result).
Conclusion: A strong PHC system is a pre-requisite for strengthening a health system. Various strategies such as strengthening management and leadership, improving organizational structure and culture, improving the information system, empowering human resources and increasing population coverage can lead to an improved PHC system. Historical, social, cultural and economic factors affecting the health system should be considered in redesigning and stregtening a PHC system.
Kourosh Holakouie-Naieni, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Shahrzad Nematollahi, Mahin Nomali, Mehdi Haresabadi, Mohammad Isaq Mohammadi, Tanaz Valadbeigi,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors of growth failure of one-year old children in the suburban regions of Bandar-e-Abbas City based on a population-based cohort study conducted by Bandar Abbas Health Research Station, affiliated to School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences in the south of Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this prospective cohort study in 2021, data on the growth of 540 one-year old infants obtained in a cohort study aiming to identify contributors to mother and child health in the suburbs of Bandar-e-Abbas City, Iran were used. The outcomes included weight, height, and head circumference growth failures among one-year infants. Data analysis was performed using the STATA software version 14, the statistical tests being descriptive statistics and univariate and multiple logistic regressions.
Results: Low birth weight was found to increase the odds of one-year-old children’s weight growth failure 3.05 times (the adjusted odds ratio, OR = 3.05; 95% CI: 8.91-1.04). A low socioeconomic status reduced the odds of head circumference growth failure 59% (the adjusted OR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.19-0.89), and a low birth weight increased the odds of head circumference growth failure 2.46 times (adjusted OR = 2.46; 95% CI: 1.01-5.97). None of the maternal and childhood factors were related to the one-year-old child height growth failure.
Conclusion: The findings of this study show that low birth weight increases the odds of normal body growth and head circumference growth failures at the age on one year, while a low socioeconomic status reduces the odds of head circumference growth failure. There are no relations between any of the maternal and childhood factors and height growth failure at the age of one year.
Rasul Nasiri, Saeed Motesaddi Zarandi, Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh ,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Climate change on the earth is changing faster than ever before in the history. Cities are highly vulnerable to this climate change. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate climate change in the metropolis of Tehran during the period 1991-2020 and help understand the limitations that cities may have in confronting climate change.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed based on the information obtained from the synoptic stations in the Tehran metropolis. First the relevant indicators were determined based on the opinions of experts and the existing literature, followed by analyzing the descriptive and analytical data on climate using the EXCEL-2016 software. Finally, based on reviewing the studies in the literature and analysis of climate data in the metropolis of Tehran, a single protocol was arrived at to study climate change in the city (microclimate) and how to reduce, and adapt with, the impacts of climate change in cities.
Results: Analysis of the data showed that the metropolis of Tehran had been facing an increase in temperature and a decrease in humidity over the preceding 30 years. The average monthly temperature increase and humidity decrease had been about 1.5° C and nearly 15%, respectively.
Conclusion: Tehran metropolis is faced with an increase in temperature and a decrease in humidity levels, the intensity of both of which will further increase in the future. Dense urban population areas will experience more intense climate change due to the formation of heat islands. To deal with this problem urban planners must consider urban socio-economic development in the context of adapting to climate change and reducing its impacts in various urban areas.
Ali Nik Farjam, Hassan Ajam, Robabeh Ansari Torghii, Hajar Alimohammadi, Yousef Alimohammadi , Elahe Hesari,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The process of identifying Covid 19 cases over time (the trend) can provide valuable information about the coverage of diagnostic and screening programs over time. This study aimed to investigate the outpatient trend of Covid-19 in selected comprehensive health service centers of Tehran University of Meical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The data collected inculded the number of referalls and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-positive individuals between April 13 and December 25, 2020. Central and dispersion indices (mean, median, standard deviation and interquartile range) were used to describe quantitative variables. In addition, linear and bar charts were used to describe the trend of the variables over time. All analyses were performed using the Excel 2016 and SPSS 22 software.
Results: The highest numbers of suspected cases of Covid-19 were found to be in April, June and October. There were 2 peaks in the trend of positive cases of Covid 19, and the highest proportions of daily positive cases of Covid 19 was seen in late June and early July, as well as in late September, October, and December. The highest numbers of individuals referred and tested were observed in the South of Tehran Health Center.
Conclusion: Considering the occurrence of two epidemic peaks during the study period, the occurrence of further epidemic peaks is almost certain to occur if there is no proper planning for public health services and primary health care by the responsible health authorities and policy-makers.
Kobra Sharifiyan, Mohammadjafar Tarokh, Seyed Alireza Hashemi Golpayegani,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: One of the complex processes in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran is the process of registering pharmaceutical supplies. Currently the registration process is a multi-stage process, resulting in parallel services, a waste of time and unnecessary expenses. Therefore, an integrated system will improve the relevant service delivery. The purpose of this study was to identify a set of activities that could be collectively considered as a single service to create an integrated system for registering pharmaceutical supplies in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This was an applied research, beginning with collecting information about the registration processes for 20 different products. In order to identify the services/steps of an integrated system for recording pharmaceutical supplies, first the Gray-Wolf multi-objective optimization (GWO) algorithm was proposed. Then the values of the algorithm parameters were extracted by the goal-based requirements analysis method and the algorithm was implemented. Finally the best services were extracted by the hierarchical analysis process.
Results: Through the proposed algorithm seven services were identified, including product class inquiry, document registration, document review according to license type and product class, licensing, laboratory services, clinical studies and payment service. These services were carefully approved with a precision of 97.3 by the experts of the Ministry of Health. The proposed framework for recording drug requirements was found to be effective and could facilitate the process by up to 90%, reduce the processing time by 80% and reduce the processing costs by 65%.
Conclusion: Creating an integrated system for registering pharmaceutical supplies is one of the important challenges of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. This can be achieved by identifying services and combining these services to create an integrated system.
Ali Akbari-Sari, Batoul Ahmadi, Mohammad Moradi-Joo, Alireza Arabi, Maryam Seyed-Nezhad,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Referral system is one of the principles and foundations of primary health care services. One of the most important challenges and problems of the referral system is the lack of knowledge of people and patients of its nature, services and benefits. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the acceptance of the referral system by patients.
Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted in 2021 using the framework (structural) analysis method. The participants were 18 experts in the field of referral system and 14 patients referred to the outpatient and inpatient wards of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex in Tehran selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected by Semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the MAXQDA.
Results: Based on the findings in this study, Factors influencing the acceptance of the referral system by patients were found to be the following: (1). Factors related to the stewardship and governance of the health system (responsibility and accountability, appropriate levels of health services, patient-centered care, and rules and regulations); (2). Factors related to the health services access (financial, physical and cultural); (3). Factors related to service providers (trusting healthcare staff, professional skills of service providers, and their behavioral and communication skills); (4). Factors related to the service delivery process (quality of service delivery, attention to patients' wants and needs, use of technology in service delivery, monitoring service delivery, and service coverage); (5). factors related to the recipients of the services (satisfaction, education, awareness and communication).
Conclusion: Considering the importance and key role of patients in the success of the referral system, health planners and policy makers should pay special attention to the factors identified in this study.
Mohammad Javad Kabir, Alireza Heidari, Nahid Jafari, Zahra Khatirnamani, Mohammad Reza Honarvar, Naser Behnampour,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Using a proper method to prioritize and develop a basic health services package is a serious challenge. This study was conducted to design a process for developing and revising a basic health services package in Iran.
Materials and Methods: A combined study of quantitative and qualitative methods was used in this study. The qualitative part was conducted through holding 25 in-depth individual interviews and two focus group discussions with experts from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Program and Budget Organization and insurance organizations, while the quantitative part was a descriptive cross-sectional study including 277 experts using a valid and reliable questionnaire. Data analysis of the qualitative and quantitative parts was done using a content analysis and the SPSS-23 software, respectively.
Results: The process of developing a basic health services package includes 4 steps, namely, explaining the list of services in the basic health services package, extracting the criteria for including services in the service package, prioritizing the criteria for including services in the package, and comparing services with priority criteria. In the prioritization stage, disease burden criteria, target groups and community needs were found to have the highest means and recognized as the most important criteria.
Conclusion: The process designed in this study for developing and revising a basic health services package provides policymakers with the required scientific evidence by emphasizing the introduction and continuity of services that have higher priorities and the elimination of services that have lower priorities.
Ali Mohammad Mosadeghrad, Hosein Dargahi, Mahdi Abbasi, Mina Mirzaeianrad,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Occupational injuries are an important human resource management challenge with negative effects on employees and organizations. A knowledge of the prevalence of occupational injuries is the first step in eliminating or reducing them. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of occupational injuries among financial employees of hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire survey conducted in 2019 in 13 hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences using a valid questionnaire to gather data. A total of 162 questionnaires were randomly distributed among the financial staff of the hospitals, but only 147 subjects completed the questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software.
Result: Analysis of the data showed that 52.6% and 50.2% of the financial staff of the hospitals were suffering from physical and mental occupational injuries, respectively. Most of the occupational physical injuries were related to headache, neck pain, back pain and visual impairment, and most of the occupational psychiatric injuries were stress and anxiety. Female and single employees experienced significantly more occupational injuries. Working in a sitting position for a long time, lack of proper equipment operation, lack of safety and health facilities, insufficient training and carelessness of staff were the causes of musculoskeletal injuries.
Conclusion: About half of the hospital financial staff were found to suffer from occupational injuries. Occupational injuries had had direct and indirect costs for the employees and the hospitals. Hospital managers should plan and implement measures to eliminate or reduce occupational injuries at an individual, group, and organizational level.
Arezu Amirali, Ameneh Elikaei, Roxana Mansour Ghanaie, Idesbald Boone, Abdollah Karimi, Tim Eckmanns, Andreas Lutz Jansen, Fatemeh Fallah, Noushin Marhamati, Niloofar Pashaei, Shahriar Janbazi, Ahmad Reza Shamshiri, Hamid Reza Baradaran, Mohammad Hossein Rostami, Masoud Alebouyeh,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the seroepidemiological history of SARS-CoV-2 infection among asymptomatic children in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: Blood samples of children younger than 14 years old were collected during the period autumn-winter 2020 and spring 2021 and tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody using the EUROIMMUN ELISA kit. In addition, questionnaires were used to collect demographic and infection status information in the participants. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software.
Results: Out of the 1142 children collected from the children with no COVID-19 symptoms, 33.3% (381/1142) were found to have had a history of SARS-CoV-2. The positive samples in girls and boys were 34.1% and 33.03%, respectively. Analysis of the data showed no statistically significant differences between the infection rate on the one hand and age, family size, underlying diseases, gender or occupations of the family members on the other hand. In addition, the infection rate was significantly lower in autumn 2020 than in winter 2020 and spring 2021.
Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 infection can occur in children with no clinical symptoms. In addition, the infection rate is in direct correlation with an increase in age of the children.
Farahnaz Mohammadi-Shahboulaghi, Tahereh Ramezani, Dariush Panahizadeh, Sholeh Hazarian, Reza Fadayevatan,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Delivering health services to the elderly is one of the most important responsibilities of the health care system of any country. In order to improve the provision of health services to the elderly population under its coverage, the National Social Security Organization conducted this study with the aim of designing, implementing and evaluating a model for providing outpatient health care services to the elderly population under the coverage of its Tehran Province Office.
Materials and Methods: This was a sequential-exploratory mixed-method study. The initial model was developed and validated using the integrated review method and the final model using the Delphi technique and group discussions with experts. Then the educational program was developed and implemented for the health team. Assessment of the effectiveness of the program was done using a researcher-made knowledge and attitude questionnaire (pre- and post-test). The model was then implemented in the Khandan-e-Hakim Clinic. The effectiveness of the model implementation was determined based on the qualitative content analysis of the interviews with the elderly and qualitative content analysis of the health team comments.
Results: The outpatient care model of the elderly included an organized clinical process consisting of 6 phases. The mean age of the health team members was 45.7±15.11 years. The difference between the health team satisfaction total scores before and after participating in the educational program was statistically significant (P≤0.05). Further analysis of the data showed, based on the interviews with the elderly, the main categories to be "assessment of cognitive function, mood and behavior", "physical assessment", "appreciation of the health and dignity of the elderly" and "satisfaction of the elderly and their companions". Analysis of the comments of the health team revealed their satisfaction with the implementation of the model.
Conclusion: The introduced model can make possible rapid identification of health problems and timely intervention in the elderly population. This implementation model will help disease prevention and complications at different levels. The findings of this study can help service providers to provide better care and health services for the elderly.
