Showing 159 results for Health
Beyram Bayat, Bahram Mohebbi, Azar Tol, Roya Sadeghi, Mir Saeid Yekaninejad,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Quality of life is considered as an effective indicator for general, as well as mental, health. With increasing longevity of individuals, health-promoting behaviors and rising quality of life will become much more important. This study aimed to determine the quality of life predictors among health volunteers in South Tehran Health Centers.
Materials and Methods: : This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 health volunteers of South Tehran Health Centers selected by cluster sampling. Data were collected using valid and reliable questionnaires for demographic variables, Health-promoting Behaviors (HPLPII) and Quality of life (SF-36), as well as the BAZNEF model constructs, whose validity and reliability were assessed (α: %88). Data analysis was done using the SPSS24 software, the statistical tests being descriptive statistics and multi-linear regression; a p-value <0.05 was used to show statistical significance.
Results: Regression analysis revealed that the strongest predictors for the quality of life were age (p=0.003), enabling factors (p=0.02) and general health-promoting behaviors (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The findings of this study confirm the suitability of the BAZNEF model for predicting health-promoting behaviors for the quality of life. Using this model can help in identifying factors influencing the quality of life of health volunteers and designing an appropriate educational program for them.
Asiyeh Molaeifard, Mohammad Hossein Haghighi Zadeh, Hashem Mohammadian,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Considering the lack of attention to the health promotion of adolescents due to their perception of being healthy in most countries of the world, we aimed to evaluate the predictors of adolescent health promoting lifestyle through path analysis based on IMB model.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study on 400 high school students in Andimeshk city in two urban and rural areas. The sample size was obtained using the Cochran formula.They were selected by classified random sampling. In this study, demographic data, information about IMB model structures and student adherence to healthy lifestyle were collected in four areas nutrition, physical activity, stress control and responsibility. Correlation between total structures was analyzed using SPSS-23 software. Lisrel 8.5 software. Meanwhile, the relationships between variables were analyzed using Path analysis to fit and approve model fit model using LISREL8.8 software.
Results: All structures of IMB model had a Significant relationship with adolescent healthy lifestyle. Self-efficacy structure had the most predictive power. In general, self-efficacy variables, 75%, motivation 66%, and 50% knowledge had a positive and significant effect on behavior. This model was able to explain 71% of the variance in adolescent lifestyle behavior. Also, in this model, the level of self-efficacy variance (behavioral skills), 52%,, And motivation variance was explained 57%. Motivation and knowledge indirectly influenced the lifestyle behavior (behavior) by 55% and 50%, respectively.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the IMB model has a good application for explaining and predicting the healthy lifestyle of adolescents. Accordingly, it is recommended that health planners apply the IMB model in order to promote adolescent lifestyle in this population.
Masoumeh Amiri Siavashani, Davoud Shojaeizadeh, Kamal Azam,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Observance of the principles of infection control in dentistry is the basis of preventing the transmission of dangerous diseases such as AIDS, hepatitis and preventing the spread of diseases in the community. In view of the importance of dentistry education in the field of observance of the principles of infection control, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention on infection control among dental students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: The present study is a pre and post interventional study that the number of samples is 75 dental students referred to Endodontics Department of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences for endodontic treatment and radiotherapy of teeth during treatment in the academic year of 95-96 that were selected by available sampling method and after determining the sample size, a researcher-made questionnaire was prepared based on the Health Belief Model and verified in terms of validity and reliability, and completed in two stages before and after training with a 3 month interval. Three training sessions were conducted in this study for 15-30 minutes during the course of one month as group training and question and answer. During these meetings, students were given useful materials about infection control in dentistry, pathogenic microorganisms, transmission methods, and infection control guidelines in dentistry radiology. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire based on Health Belief Model. after data collection, spss21 software was used to analyze them. Non-parametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, paired t-test and non-parametric Wilcoxon test were used for statistical analysis of the 0/05 significance level before and after the knowledge and structures of the health belief model.
Results: The results of statistical analysis showed that 62.7% of the participants were female students and 89.3% of single students, and the participants in the study were from 8,9,11 terms. The results of this study showed that the mean and standard deviation of knowledge and performance scores of students toward infection control before training were 11.48 ± 2.23 and 5.48 ± 0. 93, respectively, and after the training were increased to 14.75±0.57 and 9.36 ± 0.91. This difference was statistically significant by doing paired t-test (p the comparison of the mean and standard deviation of the scores of other aspects of the health belief model regarding infection control among dentistry students also showed a significant increase.
Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that education based on the health belief model has been effective in controlling infection in dentistry students.
Maryam Yaghoubi, Marzieh Javadi, Saeid Karimi, Vahid Pirasteh,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Iran's Health Sector Evolution Plan (HSEP) is one of the most important national health reform plans. HSEP has attracted many criticisms. An important criticism is about its service costs. This article reports the results of a project conducted to compare the costs of normal and caesarian section delivery before and after implementation of the HSEP.
Materials and Methods: This was an applied research project using hospital accounting records as data. A total of 120 delivery files (60 normal delivery and 60 caesarian section) were selected randomly from the accounting software of a large hospital in Isfahan before and after May, 2014.The data in each subject’s file ─ paid shares of the hospital, patient and insurance ─ but not hoteling, inpatient and other costs was extracted. The health service providers’ incomes based on the annual tariffs of the services and changes in payments for each service for gynecologist and anesthesiologists were calculated. Data were analyzed using the excel software.
Results: The costs of normal delivery and caesarian section after implementation of the National HSEP had increased by 193% and 226%, respectively. In addition, of the treating physicians (gynecologists and anesthesiologists) had also increased by 257% for the normal and by 130% for caesarian section. Changes in the sums of money involved in service delivery indicates shifting of parts of the costs from the patients to the health subsidy and insurance systems.
Conclusion: The health System Evolution has not lead to real reductions in the out-of-pocket money paid by the patients. Higher cost of services will imply the need for better cost management. Increased costs of services will be to the benefit of neither patients nor the health system. This would mean that in designing and implementation of the Health Sector Evolution Plan economic aspects should be taken into consideration more carefully.
Azar Tol, Bahram Mohebbi, Elham Shakibazadeh, Mehdi Yaseri, Maryam Sabouri,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In health promotion, empowerment is a process through which people gain greater control over decisions and actions affecting their health. This study aimed to assess the predictive factors of health care empowerment among women in reproductive age in 2016.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 549women in reproductive age referring to health centers in South Tehran. The participants were recruited through cluster and multi-stratified sampling. Data were collected using the Health Care Empowerment Questionnaire (HCEQ), which has three subscales, namely, degree of control, involvement in interactions and involvement in decision-making. The data were analyzed using the descriptive and analytical tests and multi-regression analysis.
Results: Husbands' education level, women's employment, family size, ethnicity, history of chronic diseases and economic status were predictors of degree of control. Husbands' education level (under high school diploma and high school diploma), family size (2-3, 3-4) and moderate economic status (sufficient income) predicted involvement in interactions. In addition, husbands' education (incomplete high school diploma and high school diploma), family size (2-3, 3-4), women's employment and history of chronic diseases predicted involvement in decision-making.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that various individual, family and socio-economic conditions of reproductive-age women influence their potential empowerment for receiving health care services. A family-based approach to facilitate receiving reproductive health care seems to be essential.
Jafar Yahyavi Dizaj, Sara Emamgholipour, Abolghasem Pourreza, Farogh Nommani, Somayeh Molemi,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Population aging is one of the most important economic, social and health challenges of the twenty-first century. The increasing rate of aging in the population will increase the risk of households being confronted with catastrophic health expenditure (CHE). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aging on households' CHE in Iran.
Materials and Methods: The data on household income-expenditure were obtained from the annual Iranian Statistical Center reports for the period 2007-2016. The statistical technique used for data analysis was the regression Logit technique, the software for the final data analysis being the Excel and STATA.
Result: The results showed that increased numbers of elderly people in a household would increase the probability of the household being confronted with CHE. Additionally, the following households were also more likely to be at risk of CHE: urban families; female-headed families; those not owning private homes; those with no income or with an unemployed head; and those in the lower income deciles. Moreover, no insurance coverage would decrease the likelihood of a household to be at risk of CHE.
Conclusion: Considering the findings of this study and the aging of the Iranian population, it is essential that the government, in line with fair financing and reducing the economic burden of health expenditures on households with an elderly member, try, through special support packages for the elderly, to prevent confrontation of such families with catastrophic health expenditures.
Hossein Dargahi, Alireza Darrudi, Mehrzad Rezaei Abgoli,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: All hospitals need to be monitored and continuously evaluated. Pabon Lasso graphical model assesses the efficiency of hospitals using a combination of their input data and performance indicators. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Iran Health System Evolution Plan on Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) hospitals’ performance indicators using the Pabon Lasso model in 2016.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study including 8 general and specialized hospitals. The hospital input data and performance indicators were collected by permission of TUMS Vice-chancellor’s Office for Therapeutic Services. Chi-square and the two-sample T2 tests were used for data analysis, and hospital performance was assessed using the Pabon Lasso Model.
Results: The results showed that the number of TUMS hospitals located in zones 3 and 4 had increased after implementation of the Iran Health System Evolution Plan, which indicates improved efficiency of these hospitals, as confirmed by the chi-square test.
Conclusion: Based on the Pabon Lasso graphical model, it can be concluded that the performance indicators of the hospitals show improvements in performance after implementation of the Iran Health System Evolution Plan. The successful experience in the management of the hospitals in this study can act as a practical guide for managers of other hospitals throughout the country for better management.
Ahmad Ali Noorbala, Hossein Malek Afzali, Nasrin Abedinia, Marzieh Akhbari, Alireza Moravveji, Fatemeh Vaseghi, Zahra Nakhi, Mamak Shariat, Maryam Mirzaeeneyestani, Fatemeh Sadat Ghoreishi,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Stress during pregnancy can have a lasting effect on the mental health of women after childbirth. Statistics show that about 18% of pregnant women have major or partial depression during pregnancy, but many have not been screened or treated. Lack of treatment can have serious consequences for the mother and her child. The purpose of this study was to determine the mental health status and marital satisfaction of pregnant mothers in Kashan city, Iran in 2015.
Materials and Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study. Using the convenience sampling method 202 pregnant women were selected from four urban health centers in Kashan, Iran and entered the study. Data were collected using a Diagnostic Interview, the General Health-28 Questionnaire and the Golombok Rust Inventory of Marital State. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis, the statistical tests being one-way ANOVA, chi-square test, Pearson correlation test and logistic regression.
Results: The results showed that 26.7% of the pregnant women were suffering from psychiatric disorders, the most and least serious disorders being related to physical activity and depression, respectively. About 80% of the women expressed very good marital satisfaction. Further analysis of the data showed statistically significant associations between depression and age and anxiety, insomnia and duration of marriage, marital satisfaction and delivery type, and mental health and marital satisfaction. Furthermore, marital satisfaction had a negative association with education. (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that it is essential to develop and implement a therapeutic, psychiatric and health care model for women at risk of psychiatric disorders during pregnancy and after childbirth in the health service delivery system in Iran.
Navid Ghanavati, Ahmad Nazarpour, Teymoor Babaenejad,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Heavy metals in the surface soils of cities from various sources (traffic, industrial emissions, erosion from buildings, etc.) can accumulate through inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact in the human body and imperil health. The purpose of this study was to assess the ecological and human health risks caused by some heavy metals in roadside soil at the intersections of Ahvaz (Modares, Kharchar, Zargan, Behbahani, Golestan, Abadan, Khorramshahr, Susangerd and Andimeshk).
Materials and Methods: In this study, the concentration of heavy metals in roadside surface soils in intersections of Ahvaz in the summer of 2016 was investigated. The sampling at each intersection was carried out at specified intervals of 1, 10 and 30 meters on the sides of the main road (6 samples from each intersection) from the surface soil (depth 0 to 20 cm); the total number of samples was 54. The samples were transferred to the laboratory and dried at 60 ° C in an oven. After digestion of the samples with an acid mixture, concentrations of heavy metals Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Cd and As were measured by inductive coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The contamination level was estimated based on potential ecological and human health risks of heavy metals.
Results: The average concentrations of Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Cd and As were 116.61 ± 49.42, 284.02 ± 166.91, 25.53 ± 4.47, 220.63 ± 87.75, 137.21 ± 84.80, 3.44 ± 3.23 and 8.65 ± 3.8 mg/kg, respectively. Isotope ratios indicated that emissions from automobiles/traffic and industrial emissions were the most important sources of lead in the samples studied. The average value of potential ecological risk (RI) in Andimeshk, Golestan and Susangerd intersections was low; that in Modarres, Behbahani and Zergan intersections was medium; and that in Chaharsir, Abadan and Khorramshahr intersections was high. Cr poses the highest risk of cancer in both children and adults, although the risk of carcinogenesis in children is higher than in adults.
Conclusion: The results show that the source of contamination with the metals studied is anthropogenic, including road traffic and industrial activities, in the area investigated.
Nayereh Namazi, Amirmansour Alavi Naini, Firouzeh Mostafavidarani, Zahra Boroumandfar,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The present study aimed to determine the stages of changes and cognitive and behavioral processes (Transtheorical model) in the use of nutrients in overweight middle-aged women.
Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytic. The research sample consisted of 281 middle-aged women with overweight referring to comprehensive health centers in Isfahan. Personal characteristics, stage of change and behavior and cognitive behavioral processes, and FFQ questionnaire (168-item) were completed by Questioning, and then the information entered the N4 and SPSS 18 software, and information was analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests.
Results: 57.7% of the people were inactive (pre-thinking, thinking, preparation) and 42.3% of them were in active phase. There was a significant difference between the different stages of change and the use of behavior change processes (p=0.001) And Benfrown's test shows the increasing use of cognitive and behavioral processes during the stage of change in use of nutrients (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The difference in the mean of changes processes during the stage of change show the impact of these processes on the nutritional individual's behavior, which is recommended to use stage of change and behavioral change processes for education nutrition behavioral.
Sajjad Dorri Kafrani, Atefeh Zolfagharnasab, Fatemeh Torabi,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Along with the expansion of health systems, the importance of primary health care as the basis of an efficient health system is more evident and the quality of the provided services at this level becomes more important. In this way, the present study attempts to collect patterns used to improve the quality of primary health care.
Materials and Methods: The present study is a systematic review. The advanced search was done in the Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, SID, MagIran, IranDoc, and Google Scholar databases in title, abstracts and keywords fields. Inclusion criteria include a comprehensive attitude, focus on primary health services, English or Persian language, published between 2006 and 2018. Exclusion criteria include studies that focus outside of primary health care. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the JBI checklist. Two independent researchers conducted the task of selecting studies, extracting data and evaluating the quality of studies, and disagreement cases were resolved by the third researcher.
Results: After screening and reviewing the criteria for the entry of 10095 studies, 11 studies were finally included. The quality of the four studies was evaluated average and the rest of the quality was high. Two studies have provided patterns for improving the quality of primary health care, three evaluated the effectiveness of quality improvement tools, and five presented conceptual frameworks.
Conclusion: A total of eight types of systems extracted to assess and improve the quality of primary health services. Studies on primary health care have been used at various levels of personal, professional, practical and national policy, and have developed models, tools and frameworks that each of them can be used separately or combined for different situations with regard to the limitations and facilities mentioned and improve health outcomes.
Afzal Akbari Balootbangan, Siavosh Talepasand, Ali Mohammad Rezaei, Eshagh Rahimian Boogar,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In recent years bullying behaviors among school adolescent have risen and have raised concerns for psychologists, teachers and their families around the world. The use of bullying control methods in schools is important. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of bullying control training program on health promotion behaviors in bullying adolescents in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: The statistical population consisted of students aged 12 to 17 years old in public schools in Tehran. A total of 40 subjects (20 controls and 20 experimental groups) were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental and control groups. Using a pilot, pre-test, post-test and one month follow up with the control group, Hartler's bullying questionnaire and health promotion behaviors were implemented on both groups. Then, experimental testing of bullying control training was performed in 8 sessions on the experimental group and after the completion of the sessions the post-test was presented to both groups. After that, a month's follow-up was carried out. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of repeated measurements was performed using SPSSV22 software.
Results: The results showed that the cognitive-behavioral bullying control training program on health promotion behaviors between the two groups was significantly different in three stages (p<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, bullying control education can be effective on health promotion behaviors of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years and can be used to improve their health. Parents, teachers, managers and other professionals can learn from these trainings.
Neda Karimi, Shahrzad Saadat Gharin, Azar Tol, Roya Sadeghi, Mehdi Yaseri, Bahram Mohebbi,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (12-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Since many of the healthy behaviors are adopted and develop during adolescence, proper choice of such behaviors is very important in this period of life. In addition, paying attention to the health of girls is crucial because they will transfer such behaviors to the next generation. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the role of health literacy and demographic variables in determining health-promoting behaviors among second-grade high school girl students in the City of Tehran, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study was conducted on 370 female students using cluster sampling method in 2018. Data were collected using demographic, Health Literacy Measure for Adolescents (HELMA) and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLPII) questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS25.
Results: The results of multivariate regression analysis revealed that there were statistically significant direct associations between health-promoting behaviors and the following variables: one’s health literacy (β= 0.39, p<0.001), interest in health topics (β= 1.35, p<0.001), reading of journals and newspapers (β=0.76, p= 0.007), father's education (p= 0.002), body mass index (p= 0.022), field of study (p<0.001), the first source of health information (p<0.001) and place of residence (p = 0.023). Further analysis of the data showed an indirect association between health-promoting behaviors and age (β= -1.69, p<0.001) and health assessment (β=-1.67, p<0.01).
Conclusion: Based on the findings it is concluded that the subjects’ health literacy and health-promoting behavior scores were “not sufficient” and “intermediate”, respectively. It is recommended to design and implement appropriate training/intervention programs aiming at increasing the heath literacy and promoting health behaviors of female students.
Leila Allahqoli, Azam Rahmani, Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh, Arezoo Fallahi, Masoumeh Hashemian, Hamed Fallahi, Babak Nemat-Shahrbabaki,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (12-2019)
Abstract
Background Aim: Job burnout among health educators is increasing with serious physical, psychological and social consequences. The purpose of this study was to explore the causes of job burnout from the perspective of health educators and identify their needs for reducing it.
Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was carried out in comprehensive health service centers of Sanandaj, west of Iran, in 2017, including 15 health educators selected by purposive sampling. The data were collected through individual interviews and semi-structured group discussions, observation and field notes and analyzed using the conventional content analysis approach with due consideration of acceptability, verifiability and transferability to ensure the accuracy and strength of the data.
Results: The causes of job burnout were extracted in 5 categories including "issues related to comprehensive health service centers", "individual challenges of staff members", "management weakness", "executive system challenges" and "issues related to clients". The participants emphasized the following actions for reducing job burnout: strengthening individual skills, effective evaluation and management support, providing recreational and welfare facilities, reducing job stress, and strengthening intra- and inter-sectoral communications.
Conclusion: The results of this study show that various factors contribute to job burnout among health educators. Improvements in management, laws and welfare facilities not only would reduce job burnout but also may increase the efficiency of health education programs.
Leila Dehghankar, Marzieh Hajikarimbaba, Rahman Panahi,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (12-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Considering the central role of low health literacy (HL) in causing health inequalities and the fast growth of university student populations, this study aimed to determine the HL and its related factors among university students.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study including 375 female students of Imam Khomeini International University in Qazvin, Iran in 2019 selected using the stratified random sampling method. The data-collecting tools included a demographic and background questionnaire and an Iranian adult HL assessment questionnaire. The SPSS 23 software was used for data analysis, the statistical tests being descriptive and logistic regression tests.
Results: Data analysis showed that 17 (4.5%) of the students had inadequate, 112 (29.9%) insufficient, 188 (50.1%) adequate, and 58 (15.5%) excellent HL, the mean HL percentage (± SD) being 70.80 (± 12.49). Based on logistic regression analysis, there was a statistically significant association between HL and physical activity (p =0.039), such that the chance of having good HL among the students with physical activity on most days was 2.097 times that of those with regular daily physical activity. A significant relationship was also found between HL and employment (p =0.042), such that the chance of having good HL among the employed students was 0.534 times that of unemployed students.
Conclusion: Considering the low health literacy rate among the students with low physical activity and those who are unemployed, it is recommended to pay more attention to these students when designing educational programs to increase their health literacy.
Rahman Panahi, Leila Dehghankar, Mahya Shafaei, Ali Razaghpoor,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (3-2020)
Abstract
Background and aim: Health literacy can be one of the most important effective factors in the adoption of preventive behaviors of osteoporosis by raising awareness and understanding the benefits of diagnostic and preventive behaviors. The objective of this study was to determine the health literacy skills effective in predicting adoption of osteoporosis preventive behaviors in high school female students.
Materials and methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study including 375 high school girls in Qazvin, Iran, selected by multi-stage sampling. Data were collected using the standard Health Literacy Measure for Adolescents (HELMA) and the Preventive Behavior of Osteoporosis Measurement questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS-23, the tests being descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis.
Results: Two of the eight components of health literacy, namely, understanding and communication, and two, namely usage of health information and calculation, were found to receive the highest and the lowest mean scores, respectively. The total scores of health literacy and the adoption of preventive behaviors of osteoporosis were 70.84±12.58 (out 100) and 22.43±5.60 (out of 36), respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that the components of health literacy could predict 38.4% of the changes in the adoption of preventive behaviors of osteoporosis (R2 = 0.384). The only other predictor of adoption of behavior was the usage of health information (P=0.001، β=0.044).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended to pay special attention, when developing educational programs for the prevention of osteoporosis in adolescents, to health literacy as a whole, especially the usage of health information component.
Amin Bagherikerachi, Hossein Aflakifard, Malihe Karami,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (3-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: This study investigated the role of teachers' assessment of school environment health in predicting their mental health and happiness.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population was a group of 254 primary school teachers in the city of Darab, Iran, from whom a sample of 160 was selected by stratified sampling. Happiness and mental health were measured using the Oxford and Gildberg questionnaires, respectively, and teacher’s assessment of environmental health was determined using a researcher-made questionnaire, all the questionnaires being valid and reliable.
Results: On the whole, 57.23 %, 37.73% and 5.00% of the teachers judged the school environment health to be desirable, moderate and undesirable, respectively. As regards the teachers’ assessment of the school environmental heath, there were statistically significant differences between male and female teachers, local and nonlocal teachers, their field of study (primary education and other fields), schools for boys and for girls, their previous knowledge of health, type of employment (life tenure versus others), and whether they were teaching in health promoting or ordinary schools (p<0.05). The teachers assessment of school environmental health was significantly correlated with happiness and mental health (p<0.0001); their assessment of environmental health could predict 19.8% of happiness changes and 10.2% of mental health changes.
Conclusion: Judgment of the school environment health by teachers as unfavorable would affect their happiness and mental health.
Alimohammad Mosadeghrad, Ali Akbarisari, Parisa Rahimitabar,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (3-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Good governance results in better health outcomes for the society thorugh improving health system performance. The governance of Iran health stsyem faces some challenges. Hence, this study aimed to propose and verify a model for strengthening Iranian health system governance.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in 2016 using the Delphi method. A health governance model with six dimentions including sturucture, communication, regulation, policy making and planning, stewardship and evaluation and accreditation has been proposed. Then, the proposed model verified using 25 Iranian healthcare experts’ opinions in two rounds.
Results: Developing an integrated health system model comprising health system enablers and results, downsizing and reducing the number of directorates in ministry of health,determining basic principles for regulation, enhancing communication with other external organizations affecting people health, using more evidence in policy making and planning, developing a strategic plan and national health policy, enhancing leadership, management and stewardship; and developing comprehensive systemic standards for evaluation and accreditation of healthcare organizations are recommended to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of Iran health system governance.
Conclusion: Iran health system governance faces numerous challenges. Using successful countries’ experience and internal health care experts’ opinions help to reduce the current challenges and achieve health system goals.
Ali Mohammad , Mahmood Zamandi, Ebrahim Jaafaripooyan,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (5-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Economic evaluation of health interventions by comparing the relevant costs and benefits will result in optimum allocation of resources and increasing the effectiveness of the health system and, through improving equity and increasing accessibility to health services, will lead to increased effectiveness of the health system. The purpose of this study was to critically evaluate the Cost Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) studies on health interventions worldwide.
Materials and Methods: A critical review of the published CEA studies on health interventions was conducted. Seven databases including PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of science, Science Direct, Scopus, Springer Link, and SID were searched between 1975 and 2018, using appropriate keywords. The retrieved articles were evaluated using the Drummond (2005) quality assessment checklist. Overall, 173 articles met the entry criteria and were included in this study.
Results: CEA of health-related interventions were classified into six categories, namely, studies on immunization, education, nutrition, sexually transmitted diseases prevention, gynecological diseases prevention and vector-borne diseases and, eventually, cost-effective interventions were identified. Further analysis of the data showed that the methods used in health intervention CEA studies are very heterogeneous and lack sufficient scientific quality especially in developing countries. Researchers working in this area should pay more attention when designing studies and follow valid guidelines for CEA, particularly as regards research methods, sample size, CEA model, cost and benefit calculations, determining effectiveness, timeframe and, finally, analysis of the sensitivity and validity the research data.
Conclusion: The number of cost effectiveness analysis and cost utility studies has increased greatly during the last two decades. In order to improve the quality of these studies it is essential to revise the guidelines and procedures for economic evaluation of health interventions and train and update researchers in this area.
Mohammad Azimi, Ali Eghbali,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (5-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Man, as the Creator of God and the Creator of Creatures, has a right, one of which is the right to a healthy life, and this type of life can only be achieved through useful training. In this regard, comprehensive health education in schools is one of the most important pillars for the health of the next generation of the country. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the content of health components and promote the health of primary school books based on the assumptions of the health system with emphasis on education to increase the quality of primary school health.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, content analysis method was used. The statistical population of this study was all second grade elementary school books of 2016-2017 (5 volumes). Statistical sample is equal to statistical population. The research tool was Shanon Entropy, which presents data processing in the context of content analysis in a new and quantitative way.
Results: The results of Shannon's entropy content analysis showed that the review of the 5 primary elementary second-level mental health books had the highest frequency with 236, and the least amount of disability with 10. The highest coefficient of importance among health components in elementary second grade was related to the components of nutrition health (0/21) and the lowest coefficient of prevention to high risk behaviors was (0/019).
Conclusion: Findings show that attention to each component of health education and health promotion is different; therefore, it can be concluded that some components of primary education textbooks pay less attention to some components of health education, while that health education and consequently health promotion is the most important factor in the advancement and guarantee of community survival. Designing, implementing, and managing health development programs is more than any other underlying concept such as health.
