Showing 16 results for Attitude
M Tslimi Talaghani, A Jazayeri, A Keshavarz, H Sadrzadeye Yeghaneh, A Rahimi,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (7-2004)
Abstract
Many studies indicate that the nutritional knowledge and practice of adolescent girls are inadequate. Few surveys were performanced about effect of nutrition education on knowledge, attitude and practice in this vulnerable group. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two nutrition education methods (guidebook and group discussion) on the nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice of first-grade guidance school girl students in Tehran ’s 8th district, in 2003.A total of 300 students were selected from 11 guidance schools by simple random sampling and divided into three 100-student groups: 1-guide-book, 2-group discussion, and 3-control. Data on the nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice were collected using pretest and posttest questionnaires. The students in group1 were given the guide-book and required to study it at home, while group 2 students were told to discuss among themselves the contents of the guide-book. The control group were given nothing to study or to do. The pre-test showed that the mean scores of nutrition knowledge (K), attitude (A) and practice (P) were not statistically different among the 3 groups. The scores for the 3 variables increased in the guide-book and discussion groups significantly at the end of the study period (in all cases, p<0.001), while the inter-group comparisons also showed that the K and A scores were statistically different among the 3 groups the P, however, was not different among them. Conclusion: Both methods (guide-book and group discussion)increased the level of nutritional knowledge and attitude as compared to (a) – the control group,and (b) – the initial values. Also both methods increased the level of nutritional practice as compared to (b) – the initial values. The group discussion method was more effective than the guide-book method in the promotion of the nutritional knowledge of the students.
Abolhasan Naghibi, Kourosh Vahid Shahi, Jamshid Yazddani, Fahimeh Noshnaei,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (10-2009)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide and the cause of about 18% of all malignancies in females. By breast self-examination (BSE) it is possible to diagnose a breast tumor in the preliminary stages and treat it. Basic changes in the knowledge, attitude and practice of women as regards regular BES and follow-up will lead to considerable success in campaigns against breast cancer. Considering the role and responsibilities of community health workers (CHWs) in the health services delivery system in the Islamic Republic of Iran, this study aimed at determining the knowledge, attitude and practice of female CHWs as regards BSE in 2006.
Methods and Materials: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 89 female CHWs in the Iranian Mako township health houses. The data was collected through interviews using a questionnaire consisting of 4 sections, the first section containing 10 demographic questions, and the second to fourth sections containing 33 questions on knowledge, attitude, and practice. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed using the repeat testing with r=85%. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software (version 11).
Results: The data showed that the BSE knowledge of 50.6% and 49.4% of the subjects was good and moderate, respectively 76.4% of them had a positive attitude towards BSE. The reasons for not self-examination were as follows: inability to do it alone (12.4%) fear of a positive result, i.e., existence of a tumor (1.1%) having no time (2.2%) fear of increased anxiety (5.6%) not believing in BSE, even if it was likely to have a tumor (11.2%). Further analysis of the data showed the practice of the subjects to be good, moderate, and weak in 9%, 61.8%, and 29.2% of the cases, respectively.
There were significant associations between knowledge and a positive attitude (p=0.038), between attitude of the unmarried subjects towards performing BSE as compared to the married subjects (p=0.00), and between attitude and practice (p=0.045).
Conclusion: This study showed a moderate to good knowledge, a relatively good attitude, and a moderate practice among female CHWs in the Makoo Township, Iran, with regard to BSE. Considering the role of CHWs, improving their knowledge, attitude , and practice of BSE is essential.
F Radfar, Mj Hozoori, S.s Tavafian,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (8-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The objective of this study was to determine and compare the attitude of hospital staff and practice of hospital managers regarding management of conflicts in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical sciences.
Materials and Methods: The participants in this cross-sectional study were 330 individuals, including 300 nurses and 30 managers, working in hospitals affiliated to Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran during 2008-2009. Data were collected using a valid self-administered questionnaire containing 30 questions designed by the investigator. The SPSS software was used for data analysis.
Results: The data show that 178 of the staff (59%) and 14 of the managers (47%) were of the opinion that avoidance is not utilized in conflict management. The proportions of the staff and managers believing that problem solution is not utilized in conflict management were 60% and 60%, respectively the corresponding proportions as regards not utilizing avoidance were 178% and 14%. Furthermore, 40% of the staff and 13% of the managers thought that usually compromise is utilized in conflict management. Finally, the proportions of staff and managers who thought that in conflict management accommodation is utilized were 41% and 43%, respectively.
Conclusion: The findings show that the hospital staff believes that hospital managers with an avoidance, problem solution or forcing attitude base their conflict management style accordingly, while managers more inclined to compromise do not utilize a compromising approach in practice.
Fariba Kiani, Hossein Samavatyan, Siamak Poorabdian, Zahra Mansournejad, Effat Jafari,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (11-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Millions of occupational accidents and disease cases are reported from work places annually causing considerable human and financial damages. Safety training is globally considered the best strategy to mitigate these damages. In this project a safety attitude questionnaire was used to obtain the required information. The questionnaire contained items about 13 relevant variables: job conscientiousness, fatalism, leadership, safety consciousness, role overload, work pressure, job safety perception, supervisor safety perception, coworker safety perception, management safety perception, safety program and policies perception, interpersonal conflicts at work, and job involvement.
Materials and Methods: A total of 204 individuals (101 in the control and 103 in the experiment group) in the Isfahan Steel Company completed the safety attitude questionnaire. This was followed by a 4-hour safety training course attended by the experimental group. After 30 days both the experimental and control group completed the questionnaire again. Descriptive statistics and covariate analysis were used the compare the data between the 2 groups.
Results: Safety training in the workplace influenced positively the general attitude of the personnel towards safety issues. Further analysis of the data revealed that the training affected statistically significantly only safety consciousness, leadership, and management safety perception.
Conclusion: Assessment of safety attitude in the workplace and its dimensions can be used to identify those areas of safety training that need more attention and a better design.
Tahereh Pashaie, Abbas Rahimi, Asou Ardalan, Fereshteh Majlesi,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Female genital mutilation (FGM) comprises all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons.The World Health Organization has estimated that 100 to 140 million girls and women worldwide are currently living with the adverse consequences of FGM. Two of the major incentives for FGM are traditions and social pressure, and the practice is mostly carried out by traditional circumcisers. Not only FGM has no health benefits for girls and women, but it has immediate and long-term complications. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of female genital mutilation and factors associated with it among women consulting health centers in Ravansar City, Iran
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 348 women consulting 5 health centers in Ravansar City, Iran. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and SPSS.16 was used for data analysis.
Results: The prevalence of FGM was 55.7% and the mean age of the women undergoing FGM was 9.2±14.2 years. The prevalence increased with age. Almost in all cases the operation had been performed by traditional local circumcisers. The data also showed that 96.2% of the mothers and 87.6% of the sisters of the subjects had also been mutilated. There were statistically significant associations between FGM and several independent variables as follows: the mutilated women's age (0.001) and education level (p<0.001) their mothers' education level (p=0.006) and their awareness of, and attitude towards, mutilation (p<0.001).
Conclusion: FGM is prevalent among Ravansar women. Religious leaders and health personnel should attempt to discourage FGM. Promoting public awareness of FGM and its undesirable consequences is essential. Research shows that if a community itself decides to abandon FGM, the practice can be eliminated rapidly.
Fatemeh Vasheghani, Fereshteh Majlesi, Mahmoud Mahmoudi, Davoud Shojaeezadeh,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (10-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women with incidence of more than 500000 cases per year. It is preventable because of its long pre-cancerous period, suitable screening programs and effective treatments. Since the social and cultural barriers alongside the lack of knowledge are deterrents to participation in screening programs, the current study was performed to assess the effect of educational intervention through the Health Belief Model on knowledge and attitude of teachers about pap smear, considering their role in making people aware.
Materials and Methods: This was a controlled before-after interventional study conducted on 72 individuals selected through simple sampling, assigned to two groups. Data collection tool was a questionnaire used and compared before training and one month after that. Training methods (intervention) included lectures with questions and answers. Data were analyzed with SPSS, version 11.5.
Results: 47.2% of intervention and 45.8% of control group were 40 to 50 years old and majority of them (47.2% and 50% respectively) had undergraduate educational level and 86.1% were married. Respectively, 67.2% and 74.2% have experience of being examined via Pap smear, while the knowledge of women in both groups was moderate about the disease. Study results revealed significant differences in knowledge, attitude and Health Belief Model constructs within intervention group (before and after training) as well as between groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Using Pap smear test among the participants was lower compared with healthy people aims targeted by 2010. Therefore, necessity of education and knowledge promotions are obvious.
Bahador Haji Mohammadi, Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush, Sepideh Khalatbari, Asiyeh Amiri, Sakineh Gerayllo, Motahareh Hosseini,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Food poisoning occurs under circumstances where proper action for protecting foods from microbial contamination and chemical toxins is not taken. In the Iranian society women have an important role in preparing food in the home. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of women living in Yazd, Iran regarding food poisoning.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were collected through interviewing 266 women living in Yazd, selected randomly by calling at their homes. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 18. The minimum and maximum accessible scores for knowledge, attitude and practice were 0 and 15, 15 and 45 and 0 and 20, respectively.
Results: The mean (± SD) score of knowledge, attitude and practice was 11.13 ± 2.54, 39.98 ± 4.52 and 17.73 ± 1.96, respectively. Further analysis of the data showed that 63.2% of the women had no knowledge about safety of refrigerated cooked foods and 41.4% had an erroneous attitude about fruit and vegetable cleaning, believing that merely cleaning them would make them safe to eat. As regards practice, 68.8 % of the women prepared and ate semi-cooked eggs.
Conclusion: Yazdi women lack a sound knowledge about (a). some agents of food poisoning such as, for example, Salmonella and (2). food cooking and preserving temperatures. It is recommended to plan and execute educational programs aiming at promoting knowledge and improving practice of women in these areas.
Nahid Mostofi, Gholamreza Garmaroudi, Ahmadreza Shamshiri, Elham Shakibazadeh,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (12-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Sex education is an important health issue among adolescents. Mothers are the most reliable source of information for adolescents’ sex education so they should be equipped with proper knowledge, attitude, and practice to be able to educate their children properly. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of group education on knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers of adolescent girls as regards sex education in Tehran, 2015.
Materials and Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial including 30 mothers of adolescent girls randomly assigned to an intervention and 30 in a control group. The knowledge, attitude, and practice of mothers about sex education of their adolescnt girls were determined using valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaires. Based on the results, the intervention group, then, attended three educational sessions (active learning, group discussions) of 45-60 minutes duration each. The control group received only educational pamphlets. Three months after the intervention outcome variables were measured in both groups. Data were analyzed by the SPSS-22 using the Chi-Square, exact Fisher and T-tests.
Results: There were no statistically differences in the knoweldge, attitude and practice of sex education between the two groups at baseline (p>0.05). After the intervention, the mean scores of the study variables increased significantly (p<0.001) in the intervention group, while there were no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the variables in the control group before and after the intervention (p>0.05).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that group education could bring about significant changes in the knowledge, attitude and practice of the mothers of adoloscent girls as regards sex education.
Zahra Karimian, Fatemeh Atoof, Razieh Maasoumi, Mohammad Ali Besharat, Effat Sadat Merghati Khoei,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Considering that the knowledge of, and attitude towards, sexuality is a key factor influencing sexual behavior, the main objective of this survey was to determine the bases of sexual knowledge and formation of attitude towards sexual script in women of reproductive age in Kashan City, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 500 women of reproductive age referring to all health centers in Kashan Iran, selected by simple random sampling,. The data collection tool was the Sexual Knowledge and Attitude Scale (SKAS). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and regression model.
Results: The age range of the majority of the participants (51.9%) was 26-35 years, and the educational level of 39.9 % of them was high school education. The majority of them had a high level of sexual knowledge and attitude (51.4% and 62.9% respectively). The Pearson correlation test showed a significant positive correlation between knowledge and attitude of the women (p<0.05), and based on the multivariate regression analysis their knowledge score correlated with education and economic status and their sexual attitude scores with age and education.
Conclusion: The participating women were young and educated and their knowledge and attitude scores were high. However, they had erroneous attitudes and ideas, such as a feeling of shame and anxiety at intercourse, considering initiation in sexual relation responsibility of the man, and considering childbearing as the main purpose in sexual relations. It is essential to design and implement appropriate educational programs to help the women change their attitudes and ideas.
Firooz Mahmoodi, Farzaneh Sadeghi, Masoomeh Jamalomidi,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (12-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Emotional intelligence is one of the psychological dimensions which plays an important role in emotional regulation. In this study the role of spiritual orientation in predicting cognitive emotion regulation strategies among the students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences was investigated.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 250 students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences selected through simple random sampling in 2015. Data were collected using the cognitive emotion regulation strategies questionnaire (Garnfsky et al., 2002) and the spiritual intelligence questionnaire (Shahidi and Farajnia, 1391) and analyzed using SPSS 23, the statistical tests being the Pearson correlation coefficient and canonical correlation.
Results. A statistically significant positive association was found between spiritual attitude and emotion regulation. Based on canonical correlation, of the two canonical roots only root 1 was significantly associated with emotion regulation (p= 0.03; f, 0.90), explaining 7% of the emotion regulation variance. The second root had no statistically significant correlation with emotion regulation.
Conclusion: The deeper the religious beliefs of a person, the higher he will value himself and the world around. Consequently, he will have more satisfaction in life and, therefore, can better control his emotions and feelings.
Payam Safaei, Afsaneh Mohajer, Gholam Reza Jahed Khaniki,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Attitude, as the most important social psychology concept, has a special place in research; undoubtedly, in university life having a positive attitude is essential for success in any field of study. The aim of this study was to determine tha attitude of food safety and hygiene students toward their field of study and future career in the Iranian universities of medical sciences.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted in 2016, including 77 food safety and hygiene students in the Iranian universities of medical sciences, selected by census. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing 24 questions and analyzed by SPSS-24 software, the statistical tests being descriptive statistical tests.
Results: The attitude score (Mean ± SD) of the students toward their field of study was
35.0 ± 12.4, indicating that they had a positive attitude, while the score of their attitude toward future career was 23.05 ± 10.86, which was less than acceptable. Further analysis of the data showed a significant association between the students’ attitude toward their field of study and employment status (p = 0.036).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the food safety and hygiene students have a positive attitude towards their field of study, while their attitude toward future career is lower than acceptable, which demonstrates lack of a desirable attitude. Strengthening of training programs and advice and support for the students can play an effective role in reinforcing their attitude.
Homeira Soleimannejad, Hamid Poursharifi, Jahansha Mohammadzadeh, Kourosh Sayemiri,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (6-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Adolescents' attitude to suicide is one of the major problems in mental health. Thus, research in this area is of utmost importance. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an integrated protocol in reducing the negative attitude toward problem solving as a determinant of suicidal tendency in adolescents and young people 15-24 years old in Ilam, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental pretest-posttest study with a control group, a sample of 40 adolescents 15-24 years old were selected by random cluster sampling in Ilam city, Iran. All of the participants completed a suicidal attitude questionnaire, as well a negative- attitude-toward-problem solving questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the SPSS-V19 software, the statistical test being the multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA).
Results: Multivariate analysis of variance analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the attested scores of the two groups (P <0.01, F = 0.408, Wilk's Lambda = 0.506). The differences between the experimental and control groups were significant as regards all of the components of the negative attitude. The training based on the integrated approach to negative attitude in problem solving was found to have been effective. The post-test scores of two variables, namely, problem tendency-avoidance and personal control, decreased in the experimental group; however, one other variable, namely, trust in problem-solving, increased.
Conclusion: Based on the findings it can be concluded that education based on an eclectic (integrated) approach towards the negative attitude to problem solving can be effective in adolescents and the youth 15-24 years old with suicidal tendencies ─ suicidality. Hence, it is recommended to administer training programs such as problem-solving, emotional regulation and mindfulness to help psychologists, parents, adolescents, health professionals and social pathologists to reduce and prevent suicide in adolescents.
Jafar Kordzanganeh, Hashem Mohamadian,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (6-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Delays in childbearing, in addition to creating health risks for the mother and the child, may lead to permanent parental bereavement. The purpose of this study was psychometric assessment of the validity and reliability of the Iranian version of attitude toward reproductive and childbearing inventory (ATRCI) in women without a history of pregnancy.
Materials and Methods: This study was done on 235 women without a history of pregnancy selected by multi-stage sampling in the South of Iran. They completed a fertility and childbearing attitude questionnaire. The validity and reliabilty of the ATRCI were determined using SPSS-16 software, the statitical tests being Cronbach's alpha coefficient and exploratory factor analysis.
Results: The mean age of the women was 24.47 ± 4.1 years, and the Cronbach's alpha total coefficient was 0.888. The KMO and Bartlett's test of sphericity value (0.890) was significant.
In this study, in addition to the main components of the questionnaire, the childbirth postponement component was also extracted; they explained 63.01% of the total variance related the attitude toward fertility and childbearing.
Conclusion: The 4-component Iranian version of the attitude toward fertility and childbearing inventory was found to have acceptable psychometric validity and reliability. It is recommended that in the future studies this inventory be used in intervantional studies and heath and demographic programs for women without a history of pregnancy.
Maryam Jamshidi Moghadam, Gholam Reza Jahed Khaniki, Abbas Rahimi Foroushani, Nabi Shariatifar,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (12-2019)
Abstract
Safe food and proper nutrition play a vital role in the health of populations. Food-borne diseases are a serious public health problem. Food handlers working in the kitchen play an important role in the transmission of foodborne diseases. Food-borne diseases, especially those caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi, are preventable. Proper manpower training is a key factor in provision of safe food and prevention of malnutrition.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional and applied study was conducted in 10 hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2017. The knowledge, attitude and practice of 136 food handlers working in the kitchens of the hospitals was assessed using questionnaires.
Results: Analysis of the data showed that 8.08% of the participants had a good knowledge about food hygiene and safety (a score above 75%), while 16.7% of them achieved the full score as regards attitude. The hospitals’ performance was at a desirable level. The level of food hygiene and safety knowledge of the food handlers was significantly associated with their refresher trainings (p <0.05).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the awareness of food handlers in most of the hospitals about food hygiene and safety is not sufficiently high. It is suggested to design and implement proper refresher training crash courses, as well as sensitize the personnel.
Zeynab Zarei, Azar Tol, Roya Sadeghi, Kamal Azam, Maryam Sabouri,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The practice of breastfeeding among mothers is affected by their knowledge of, and attitude to, it. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of intervention, using the transtheoretical model (TTM), on the knowledge, attitude and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among pregnant women in the third trimester referred to Golestan University of Medical Sciences in hospitals in 2021.
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental intervention was conducted on 120 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 60) or a control (n = 60) group using the permuted block randomization. The data collection tools were a two-part questionnaire to collect data on demographic and obstetric characteristics and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the TTM. Due to the coronavirus Epidemic the education was conducted partly face-to face in five 30-minute sessions three times a week observing the health protocols and partly virtually via WhatsApp and Telegram messenger (audio file, video tutorial, electronic pamphlets and posters). The data collected one and six months after the intervention were analyzed using the SPSS software version 16, the tests being descriptive and inferential tests.
Results: The mean scores of knowledge, attitude, practice and the TTM constructs were not statistically significant between the intervention and control groups before the education intervention. One and six months after the intervention the mean scores of knowledge, attitude and practice and the TTM constructs, as well as perceived barriers and benefits in decision-making and self-efficacy were found to be significantly different between the intervention and control groups (p< 0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the findings it seems that breastfeeding education of pregnant women based on the transtheoretical model can improve their knowledge, attitude and practice as regards exclusive breastfeeding.
Yasaman Tabatabaie Ranjbar, Shohreh Alian Samakkhah, Fahimeh Toorian,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: This was a 3-month cross-sectional study conducted from October to December 2021 on 170 people involved in food preparation and distribution in Haraz intercity road restaurants with the aim of measuring their knowledge, attitude and practice regarding food preparation and distribution.
Materials and Methods: The data collection tool was a questionnaire with two sections, that is, a researcher-made demographic questionnaire (age, gender, level of education, type of job in a restaurant, work experience, place of residence and history of attending training courses), and a section with questions about knowledge, attitude, and practice assessment based on the World Health Organization standards.
Results: Analysis of the data showed that 97.1%, 100% and 100% of the people had a good level of knowledge, a positive attitude and good practice, respectively. In addition, there were statistically significant relationships between knowledge and age, educational level and participation in educational courses.
Conclusion: The 25- to 40-year age group, people with university education and those with experience in participating in training courses were found to have the highest level of knowledge. The level of knowledge in key number four (keeping food at a safe temperature) and attitude and practice in key number 3 (full cooking) had the lowest averages. Also, considering that 82.4% of the people had not participated in any training courses, the need to hold appropriate training courses for them by the relevant agencies and motivate them to increase their knowledge and, subsequently, increase and improve their attitudes and practice can improve the situation.
