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  Scientific Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research /85

  Vol. 11, No. 2, Summer 2013

  Forecasting ambient air pollutants by time series models in Kerman, Iran

  Mansouri, F., MS.c. Student, Dept of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman Medical University, Kerman, Iran

  Khanjani, N., Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman Medical University, Kerman, Iran - Corresponding author: n_khanjani@kmu.ac.ir

  Rananadeh Kalankesh, L., MS.c. Student, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman Medical University, Kerman, Iran

  Pourmousa, R., MS.c. Lecturer, Department of Statistics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran

  Received: Apr 3, 2012 Accepted: Feb 14, 2013

  ABSTRACT

  Background and Aim: Air pollution is one of the most important problems of big cities in developing countries and can have several negative health effects on humans. Therefore studying these pollutants can help in developing programs for air pollution control. The aim of this study was to estimate and predict the changes of air pollutants in Kerman, Iran.

  Materials and Methods: In this ecological study, data about seven important air pollutants in Kerman including NO, CO, NO₂, NO_x, PM₁₀, SO₂ and O₃ from March 2006 until September 2010 was inquired from the Kerman Province Environmental Protection Agency. Then the data was calculated as averages per month and by incorporating time series models, predictions were done for each pollutant.

  Results: All of the pollutants were steady in Kerman, except CO which is significantly decreasing and PM₁₀ which is increasing. All of the pollutants had a seasonal pattern. Time series models with a 12, 3, 8, 12, 12, 12 and 6 month seasonal pattern were fit for O₃ , SO₂ , PM₁₀ , NO_x , NO₂ , CO and NO consecutively.

  Conclusion: The production of ambient CO is decreasing in Kerman and one reason is probably replacing and retiring old automobiles. However PM₁₀ is increasing in Kerman and in most seasons it is above standard and therefore control initiatives should be implemented.

  Background and Aim: Motor vehicles are an absolute necessity used extensively in all countries of the world. They are a major cause of air pollution with highly undesirable consequences. Thus, exposure to traffic pollution is a growing public health concern. Several studies indicate that people in the cabin of a vehicle inhale air with high concentrations of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides(NOx), particulate matter (PM), volatile compounds (VOCs) and carbon monoxide (CO).

  Materials and Methods: Eexposure of drivers inside motor vehicles to CO was assessed during one year in Tehran, Iran. For this purpose, the concentration of CO was measured in the breathing zone of 72 male taxi drivers using a portable real-time instrument equipped with electrochemical sensors. In addition, records of fixed air pollution monitoring stations in Tehran were examined and the CO concentration in those records were compared with those measured in the taxis.

  Results: The mean in-vehicle CO concentration was 19.91 ± 4.37ppm, while records of fixed air pollution monitoring stations showed the concentration of this pollutant in the air to be 3.69 ± 1.03ppm.

  Conclusion: It can be concluded that factors such as traffic density, weather conditions and vehicles lifespan affect the extent of exposure of taxi drivers to carbon monoxide.