Journal of School of Public Health and

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Background and Aim: Following the deployment of the Health Transformation Plan (HTP) in most of the public hospitals, various changes occurred in the relationships between insurance organizations and hospitals. The purpose of this study was to find the obstacles and challenges facing the two types of organizations and suggest solutions.
Materials and Methods: This was an exploratory study. The research population was a total of 74 participants from Tehran public, private and military hospitals (managers, senior nursing officers, financial officers, and chiefs of accounting) and basic and complementary insuring organizations (insurance agents in hospitals, insurance officers from insuring organizations, and insurance managers). Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results: The most important challenges were as follows: acting on one’s own preferences,  deductions, delays in the payments of hospital expenditures, an insufficient number of insurance agents in some hospitals, insufficient accountability of hospital personnel in expenditure management, lack of sufficient interaction between the two organizations, and lack of contracts between complementary insurance companies and public hospitals and between private hospitals and basic insurance organizations.
Conclusion: Given the importance and sensitivity of the relations between the health service providers and receivers and considering further the complexity and challenges that appeared after HTP and hospital accreditations, a knowledge of the challenges identified in this research can help policy-makers and managers to find suitable, effective strategies for enhancing relations and communication between insurance companies and hospitals.
 

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Background and Aim: The “Package for mental and social health promotion and drug abuse prevention” was developed in response to the importance of, and concerns relate to, the mental and social health in the population. Since any policy and plan needs to be assessed to find its weaknesses, strengths and challenges to ensure its successful implementation, this study aimed to find and explain the executive leadership challenges of this service package from the service provider's perspective.
Materials and Methods: This study was a qualitative research, the data being collected through interviews and reviewing the relevant documents. The research population included experts from Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, those in charge of the package implementation, urban community health center officials and health care providers. The interviewees were selected using a targeted sampling method.
Results: Based on the interviews, the findings were categorized into four main themes: low public cooperation, difficulty in communication, missing links in design and implementation of packages, and methods of payment to service providers. In addition, the findings based on reviewing the documents were grouped as objectives, plans, activities, target groups, and interventions related to this service package.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the implementation challenges of the mental health care package fall into three categories, namely, policy-making, facilities, and personal challenges. Proper changes and reforms at the public policy-making level, creating individual awareness and providing proper facilities for the implementation of the package can help overcome these challenges.

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Background and Aim:  The strategies of hospitals in confronting the Covid-19 crisis is extremely important in the control and management of this epidemic. Exploring the challenges and suitable strategies for controlling biological epidemics in Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) hospitals might pave the way for better management of possible similar crises in the future.
Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative, exploratory and inductive study including 22 health professionals from TUMS involved in the management of the disease. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed by thematic analysis, using MAXQDA.
Results: The most important challenges identified were related to the lack of preparedness at the macro-level, impracticability of controlling the use of personal protection equipment (PPE)  and the consumption of medications, as well as provision of equipment, medications and protecting medical devices. The effective strategies and interventions in the pandemic were grouped into the following categories: manpower, education, communications, clinical work, decision-making and organizational activities.
Conclusion: Preventive measures and preparedness before the onset of the crisis have not received sufficient attention. Hospitals could have an important role in confronting the crisis through promoting work efficiency and standards. Timely prevention and preparedness before a pandemic as regards medications, personal protection equipment and diagnostics are extremely essential, as are timely and flexible decisions by crisis committees and the control of manpower emotions flux during crisis management.

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Background and Aim: As a crisis, the Covid-19 disease affected all aspects of people's lives, especially the occupational aspect.  Bank employees were more under pressure due to the type of service they provided to the public. The aim of this study was to analyze the challenges affecting the job efficiency of some of the Bank Melli Iran personnel during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative research project with a phenomenological approach. The research population was the employees of Melli Bank branches in the 10th district of Mashhad City, Iran in 2021, from among whom a sample of 10 people was selected by purposeful sampling, the sampling process continuing until saturation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the inductive thematic analysis method.
Results: Data analysis showed 12 sub-themes, 3 main themes including challenges at the individual, interpersonal and organizational levels, and a core theme.
Conclusion: The findings of this study show that the Bank employees’ concept of the Corona pandemic can affect their work efficiency.  These findings can be used for planning to solve the problems and challenges of this group of people after the Corona pandemic.