Showing 12 results for Children
Mehdi Mohebali, Gholamhossein Edrissian, Mohammad Reza Shirzadi, Yavar Hosseingholizadeh, Mohammad Hossein Pashaei, Akbar Ganji, Zabihallah Zarei, Ahmad Kousha, Behnaz Akhoundi, Homa Hajjaran, Hossein Malekafzali,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (11-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Visceral leishmaniasis is a systemic parasitic disease with a high fatality rate in under-5-year-old children. The disease is endemic in some parts of Iran, particularly in the north-west region. In 2001 a visceral leishmaniasis (VL) surveillance system was established for children aged ≤ 12 years in the primary health system in Meshkin-Shahr District, Ardebil Province, situated in the north-west of Islamic Republic of Iran.
Materials and Methods: All cases with clinical signs and symptoms of VL and confirmed positive by the direct agglutination test (DAT) were referred for physical examination and treatment.
Results: The mean annual incidence of VL decreased significantly from 1.88 per 1000 children before (1985-2000), to 0.77 per 1000 child population after (2001-07), the intervention. In the control area with no surveillance, it increased from 0.11 to 0.23 per 1000.
Conclusion: Early detection of VL using serological tests and timely treatment of cases can decrease the mortality and morbidity rates of VL in endemic areas.
Seyed Mansour Kashfi, Ali Khani Jeyhouni,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (3-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Child growth disorders are a result of nutritional ignorance and lack of appropriate care and growth monitoring. This study was conducted to assess the effects of mothers' educational program based on the precede model on the prevention of growth retardation in 6 to12-month old children in the health centers of Shiraz city, Fars Province, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study included 120 mothers (60 cases and 60 controls) with a single exclusively-breastfed child under the coverage of health centers in Shiraz city, Fars province, Iran. A questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic characteristics and the precede model components (knowledge, attitude, enabling and reinforcing factors and maternal behavior). In addition, the children were weighed and their weights recorded. The mothers' educational intervention consisted of six 55 to 60-minute sessions. The questionnaire was completed by the case mothers before and 4 months after the intervention.
Results: The interventional educational program brought about statistically significant increases in the mean scores of knowledge (p<0.001) and attitude (p<0.001). Further analysis of the data also showed that the enabling (training sessions and using references) and reinforcing factors, as well as practice score of the mothers and the mean weight of the children in the case group improved significantly as compared to the control group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that an interventional educational program for mothers based on the precede pattern had a positive effect in the prevention of growth retardation in the study population.
Effat Merghati Khoie, Naria Abolghasemi, Mohammad Hossein Taghdisi,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (11-2013)
Abstract
Background and A im : sexual health in children is difficult subject, does not deal with it formal method. Importance of Sex education of children is accepted in the world. The aim of this paper is describing the concept of sexual health from the viewpoint of children's famil y and identification norms of child sex education and determining sex education priorities of the parent's viewpoint.
Materials and Methods: This is qualitative study. Samples were selected by targeted method of student's parents of five regional educated o f Tehran. Data were collected by focus group interview and discussion and were analyses by subject and content analysis.
C ONCLUSION onclusion : Most participants believed sexual health behavior in children is not health indicators. They implemented their family policies in management of Sexual behavior o f their children. In Family control was meant: restriction of sexual behavior in child as a norm. Culture of silence and connivance in management of children's behavior has become norm, because child's sexual behavior is inconsistent with traditional values of family. In identifying priorities of sexual education of children, progression interaction between home and school was known as the most deficits. They are acting their internal values in educational system of children because their conflict of values, norms and tastes difference has not been challenge. It is important and priority of parents to being prepared for the management of their children's sexual behavior .
Masoumeh Dejman, Maroe Vameghi, Fatemeh Dejman, Payam Roshanfekr, Hasan Rafiey, Ameneh Setareh Forouzan, Majid Rezazadeh, Parisa Fazeli,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Children who work or live in the streets are one of the high-risk groups for HIV. The high population of street children and lack of comprehensive intervention programs for them increase their risk for HIV in Iran. This study intended to explore the situation of drug abuse in street children in Tehran, the capital city.
Materials and Methods: This paper reports part of a comprehensive rapid assessment and response (RAR) research project on street children in Tehran during 2012-13. Data were collected by interviewing subjects using questionnaires. The sample size was 289 street children selected by time-location sampling in Tehran.
Results : Data showed that about 25.6% of the street children had had some history of cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse, and/or drug abuse. Most of them were boys aged 15-18 years. The prevalence rate of cigarette and/or hubble-bubble smoking, alcohol consumption and drug abuse during the preceding 6 months 12.1%, 11% and 6.9%, respectively. Significant associations were found between alcohol consumption and drug abuse on the one hand and the children’s age, type of occupation and home-leaving experience on the other. Further analysis of the data showed that the main reason for drug abuse was curiosity (56.6%), followed by mere enjoyment (39.6%) and leisure (35.8%) .
Conclusion : It can be concluded that drug abuse among street children is highly associated with gender, age, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and leaving home experience. Therefore, it is recommended to start drug abuse prevention programs at lower ages, with particular emphasis on boys. In addition, family intervention and improvement of children’s lifestyle aiming at preventing home-leaving could be a main strategic plan for reducing drug abuse among street children.
Tahereh Razi, Mohsen Shamsi, Mahboubeh Khorsandi, Nasrin Rouzbehani, Mehdi Ranjbaran,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (12-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Currently there is no standardized and validated questionnaire for assessing the care of danger signs in children less than 5 years by the mothers based on behavioral patterns. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate psychometrically an instrument for assessment of the care of danger signs in children less than 5 years old by the mothers based on the Health Belief Model.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 350 mothers in the City of Arak, Iran. After reviewing the related literature, an instrument was designed and its content validity ratio (CVR), content validity index (CVI) and face validity were measured. To measure the reliability of the scales, the internal consistency method was used. Data analysis was done using the SPSS software.
Results: The scores of the CVI and CVR of the 81 items were found to be 0.79 and 0.62, respectively, the items being classified into seven categories. Based on the Cronbach's alpha, the overall reliability was 0.86. The reliability of the questionnaire for checklists of performance was 0.99, followed by those of perceived benefits (0.90), severity (0.83), perceived barriers (0.68), knowledge (0.66), perceived susceptibility (0.65), self-efficacy (0.63), and cues to action (0.56). Conclusion: The output of this psychometric process study is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring symptoms of risk behaviors in the care of vulnerable children based on the health belief model constructs, which can be used in health sciences research aiming at helping to protect the health of children.
Marjan Hossein Pour, Shahrzad Nematollahi, Mohammad Shekari, Abdolhossein Madani, Ali Akbarisari, Ali Ardalan, Elham Torabi, Hossein Shabkhiz, Kourosh Holakoie Naieni,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (3-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Nowadays, in health promotion and disease prevention great emphasis is put on participatory community-based approaches. These approaches are considered as the main strategy of health promotion by using multiple interventions. Community assessment is a participatory research approach in which problems prioritization and resource distribution are done using information collected in a region aiming at promoting health of the community.
Materials and Methods: In this applied research community assessment was made in the Chahestaniha region in the City of BandarAbbas with the objective of identifying and prioritizing the main problems. The assessment consisted of eight phases, namely, the formation of a community assessment team, Primary and secondary data collection, data analysis and interpretation, combining district-level health statistics with community assessment data, reporting to the community, prioritizing health problems, and prepared a community assessment document. In the eighth phase, after considering all risk factors that cause high prevalence of Children head lice, the action plan was designed and implemented to solve the problems.
Results: The Chahestaniha community assessment led to identifying 52 problems. The priority problems were classified. High prevalence of lice on children’s head was chosen as the top major problem to be solved, an action plan for solving it was developed and implemented.
Conclusion: The full cycle of community assessment methodology can be applied, with only some small changes, in most communities with different sizes, cultures, traditions and social habits. The method can obtain participation of the people in conducting the study and implementing interventions.
Shabnam Hashemi Bakhshi, Zahra Jalili, Mahmoud Mahmoudi,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Nowadays, the need for informing children and teens in different ages, about sexual problems, is felt more than ever before. Sexual training and education; such as every other original training, must be done at the right place and time. On the other hand, this training should be based on a systematic program and educational models to achieve the desire results. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of educational intervention on the BAZNEF Model on mother's skill about sexual care of their children, Tehran 2017.
Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental intervention with control group. Ninety six mothers of children aged 5-6 were selected in Tehran pre-schools. They were randomly divided into two groups; intervention and control. Data were collected by a researcher made questionnaire based on BAZNEF Model whose the validity and reliability were confirmed. After pre-test, according to educational needs, educational content and program were based on BAZNEF Model and that were conducted in the intervention group. Data were analyzed by SPSS23, independent t, Mann-Whitney and Chi- squar statistic tests.
Results: The mean scores of attitude, subjective norms, behavioral intention and behavior showed no significant difference before the education in both intervention and control group. However, the result showed compelling difference in mean scores of attitude, subjective norms, behavioral intention and behavior after the education (p<0/001).Enabling factors showed no important variation among intervention and control groups before and after the experiment.
Conclusion: The finding of current study confirmed the educational intervention, based on BAZNEF Model, was effective on mother's attitude, subjective norms, behavioral intention and behavior about sexual care of their children.
Mehdi Khoshgoo, Mojtaba Khadem Al-Hosseini , Rahman Panahi, Farzad Shidfar, Parvin Hasanzadeh,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Considering the importance of children's dietary patterns in the general health and vitality of the population in the future and the effect of maternal depression on performing maternal tasks and responsibilities regarding children's eating habits and behaviors, this study was designed and conducted to determine the relationship between maternal depression and children's dietary patterns.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study included 313 primary school children in Tehran in the first semester of the academic year 2018-2019 selected through stratified cluster sampling. The following questionaires were used to collect the data: general and demographic questionnaires related to mothers and children, the Beck standard questionnaire to assess maternal depression, and a food frequency questionnaire to assess the children’s food patterns. The SPSS-22 and Stata-13 were used to analyze the data. Using exploratory factor analysis the dominant food patterns of the children were determined. The statistical tests used for data analysis included descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients.
Results: Data analysis showed the prevalence of depression among the mothers and the dominant dietary pattern among the children to be 31.3% (n=98) and vegetarian dietary patterns, respectively. The children’s body mass index, heights and waist circumference were significantly positively associated with with some of the dietary patterns (p<0.05). However, no significant association was found between maternal depression and the children's dietary patterns (p>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, maternal depression has no significant association with children's dietary patterns. Conducting similar studies with larger sample sizes are recommended.
Arezu Amirali, Ameneh Elikaei, Roxana Mansour Ghanaie, Idesbald Boone, Abdollah Karimi, Tim Eckmanns, Andreas Lutz Jansen, Fatemeh Fallah, Noushin Marhamati, Niloofar Pashaei, Shahriar Janbazi, Ahmad Reza Shamshiri, Hamid Reza Baradaran, Mohammad Hossein Rostami, Masoud Alebouyeh,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the seroepidemiological history of SARS-CoV-2 infection among asymptomatic children in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: Blood samples of children younger than 14 years old were collected during the period autumn-winter 2020 and spring 2021 and tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody using the EUROIMMUN ELISA kit. In addition, questionnaires were used to collect demographic and infection status information in the participants. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software.
Results: Out of the 1142 children collected from the children with no COVID-19 symptoms, 33.3% (381/1142) were found to have had a history of SARS-CoV-2. The positive samples in girls and boys were 34.1% and 33.03%, respectively. Analysis of the data showed no statistically significant differences between the infection rate on the one hand and age, family size, underlying diseases, gender or occupations of the family members on the other hand. In addition, the infection rate was significantly lower in autumn 2020 than in winter 2020 and spring 2021.
Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 infection can occur in children with no clinical symptoms. In addition, the infection rate is in direct correlation with an increase in age of the children.
Hanieh Sahebazamani, Mahmoud Azadi, Jaafar Talebian-Sharif,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Down syndrome is one of the chromosomal disorders known as the most common genetic disorder causing health and medical problems such as mental, respiratory and cardiovascular problems. Parents of children with Down syndrome experience many problems and challenges in life. The purpose of this research was to find the concerns and tolerance strategies of parents of children suffering from Down syndrome.
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in 2022-23 with a Colaizzi`s phenomenological approach. The research population was the parents of children with Down syndrome in Mashhad, Iran under coverage of the Welfare Organization, the sample being selected by purposeful sampling; after conducting 13 interviews, the researcher reached theoretical data saturation.
Results: Analysis of data revealed 4 main themes and 12 sub-themes in the section of parents' concerns and 3 main themes and 6 sub-themes in the section of tolerance strategies among the parents of children with Down syndrome.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study it can be concluded that the parents of children with Down syndrome have many concerns about the family life, the future of their children and their treatment process, as well as social problems. In addition, the parents who use spiritual tolerance strategies can deal better with the problems arising from living with their child.
Serajeddin Mahmoudiani, Parnian Karami, Fatemeh Hashemi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Considering the decrease in fertility in Iran, which has reached below replacement levels, policymakers seek to increase the fertility rate through incentive policies. Therefore, research on economic and social factors affecting fertility and the intention to have children can help formulate more appropriate demographic policies.
Materials and Methods: In this quantitative study, the survey technique was employed, utilizing a standard questionnaire for data collection. The statistical population comprised married women aged 15 to 49 residing in Shiraz. A total of 384 women were surveyed in 2023, and data analysis was conducted using SPSS 27 software
Results: The findings indicated that, among the contextual variables, the duration of marriage, income, class belonging, housing status, and employment status had a significant effect on the probability of women's fertility intention (p< 0.05). Additionally, perceived social support and marital satisfaction significantly increased the probability of women's fertility intention (p<0.05)
Conclusion: As the structure of families has shifted from extended to nuclear, it is possible that women may not receive as much informal social support from their neighbors as in the past. Therefore, official government support can fill this void. Additionally, identifying couples experiencing marital conflicts and attempting to strengthen marital satisfaction while resolving conflicts through counseling programs can have a positive impact on fertility levels
Fatemeh Limoparvar, Hossein Ansari, Majid Sartipi, Zahra Arab Borzu,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (6-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Domestic violence is a major social harm against women, with serious negative effects on the health and well-being of both mothers and children. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of domestic violence among women attending comprehensive health service centers in Zahedan and to examine its relationship with the developmental status of their children.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 on 454 women who visited comprehensive health service centers in Zahedan with their children. Participants were selected through a multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected using the standardized Domestic Violence against Women questionnaire developed by Mohseni Tabrizi. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square tests and logistic regression in Stata 14 software.
Results: The overall prevalence of exposure to domestic violence among women was 43%. Domestic violence showed a significant association with poor child development (CI: 1.39–3.00, OR: 2.06). Logistic regression analysis indicated that maternal exposure to domestic violence, along with factors such as parental history of childhood violence, paternal addiction, and maternal age, were significantly related to behavioral disorders in children (p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusion: The findings highlight the crucial impact of domestic violence on women’s well-being and the developmental outcomes of their children. These results can assist policymakers and social planners in designing effective strategies to reduce domestic violence and promote healthy child development.
