Showing 18 results for Diabetes
T Aghamolaei , H Eftekhar , K Mohammad , A Sobhani, D Shojaeizadeh , M Nakhjavani , F Ghofranipour ,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (7-2005)
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease of lifelong duration, and its management requires a
fundamental change in the patient’s lifestyle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the
efficacy of a health education program on the knowledge, behavior, HBA1c and
health related quality of life of diabetic patients after following the patients’
participation in the program.
The study population consisted of type 2 diabetic patients attending at Bandar Abbas
diabetic clinic. Eighty patients were randomly selected and they were randomly
assigned to two groups, 40 to the intervention and 40 to the control group. At the
initial visit and 4 months after education, knowledge and behavior were assessed by
questionnaire HBA1c measured by colorimetric method and health-related quality of
life assessed by means of WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. The education sessions for
intervention group were held at diabetic clinic. The 40 patients that assigned to the
control group gave the appropriate consent and completed questionnaires at baseline
and after 4 months.
The intervention group had statistically significant increase in the mean of knowledge
score from 6.7 to 15.8(p=0.000), physical health from 64.7 to 77.2 (p=0.000) and
psychological health from 56 to 71.4(p=0.000) and had statistically significant
reduction in the mean of HBA1c from 9.4 to 8.2 (p= 0.000).Also the intervention
group had statistically significant increase in self-monitoring blood glucose, weight
monitoring, exercise and diet. Patients in control group showed no significant changes
in the outcomes measured except for knowledge.
Alireza Didarloo, Davood Shojaeizadeh, Hasan Eftekhar Ardebili, Shamseddin Niknami, Ebrahim Hajizadeh, Mohammad Alizadeh,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (11-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Many studies show that the only way to control diabetes and prevent its debilitating complications is continuous self-care. This study aimed to determine factors affecting self-care behavior of diabetic women in Khoy City, Iran based the extended theory of reasoned action (ETRA).
Materials and Methods: A sample of 352 women with type 2 diabetes referring to a Diabetes Clinic in Khoy City in West Azarbaijan Province, Iran participated in the study. Appropriate instruments were designed to measure the relevant variables (diabetes knowledge, personal beliefs, subjective norm, self-efficacy and behavioral intention, and self-care behavior) based on ETRA. Reliability and validity of the instruments were determined prior to the study. Statistical analysis of the data was done using the SPSS-version 16 software.
Results: Based on the data obtained, the proposed model could predict and explain 41% and 26.2% of the variance of behavioral intention and self-care, respectively, in women with type-2 diabetes. The data also indicated that among the constructs of the model perceived self-efficacy was the strongest predictor for intention for self-care behavior. This construct affected both directly and indirectly self-care behavior. The next strongest predictors were attitudes, social pressures, social norms, and intervals between visiting patients by the treating team.
Conclusion: The proposed model can predict self-care behavior very well. Thus, it may form the basis for educational interventions aiming at promoting self-care and, ultimately, controlling diabetes.
Ali Malekshahi Moghadam, Ahmad Saedi Someolia, Mahmoud Jalali, Fereshteh Sojoudi,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (3-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Omega-3 fatty acids can reduce inflammation in diabetic patients via special mechanisms. The objective the current study was to investigate the effects dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in type 2 diabetes patients.
Materials and Methods: This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 57 subjects with type-2 diabetes. The participants were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups receiving either an omega-3 fatty acid supplement (containing 1584 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, 828 mg docosahexaenoic acid, and 338 mg other omega-3 fatty acids) or a placebo tablet (containing 2100 mg sunflower oil) for a period of 8 weeks.
Results: The serum TNF-α and IL-2 concentrations decreased significantly in the omega-3 fatty acid group in comparison with the placebo group (in both cases, p<0.01). The intervention did not bring about any statistically significant changes in the serum CRP concentrations.
Conclusion: Considering the beneficial effects of omega-3 dietary fatty acid supplements on the 2 inflammatory biomarkers, namely TNF-α and IL-2, type-2 diabetes patients are recommended to consume such supplements or foodstuffs rich in omega-3 fatty acids, e.g., fish.
Ehsaneh Taheri, Mahmoud Jalali, Ahmad Saedi, Abolghasem Jazayeri, Abbas Rahimi, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in Asia, including the Middle East. Vitamin D deficiency has been found to have an inverse relationship with occurrence of type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM). In this study we assessed the vitamin D and calcium status in type-2 diabetic patients and compared it with that of healthy subjects in Tehran, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 180 Tehrani individuals, including 95 DM patients, selected randomly from among the members of Iranian Diabetes Association, and 85 healthy subjects in Tehran, Iran. Age and gender were adjusted between the two groups. Serum levels of 25(OH)-vitamin D, calcium, phosphorous, and Parathormone (PTH), as well as weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were measured.
Results: The mean and SD age and BMI of the diabetic patients were 51.26 ± 11.18 years and 26.22 ± 9.30 kg/m2, respectively the corresponding figures for the healthy subjects were 51.55 ± 13.39 and 26.26 ± 4.55. The prevalence of calcium deficiency was close in the 2 groups, it being 55.8% in the diabetic, and 57.0% in the healthy, subjects. The data also showed that while 26.3% of the patients suffered from a poor vitamin D status, only 18.6% of the healthy subjects had this problem.
Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among both type-2 diabetic and healthy subjects and should be considered a public health and nutritional problem in Tehran city, Iran.
Azar Tol, Gholamreza Sharifi Rad, Ahmad Ali Eslami, Fatemeh Alhani, Mohammad Reza Mohajeri Tehrani, Davoud Shojaeezadeh,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Diabetes mellitus is a widespread disease. Diabetes patients should be fully familiar with the different dimensions of this chronic disease and possess the skills required for self-management and self-care. They should realize that each patient is a different case. It is to be noted that promoting self-management behavior is an essential component of case management in type-2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to assess self-management behavior of type-2 diabetes patients in Isfahan, Iran and determine factors influencing it.
Materials and Methods: This was a 6-month cross-sectional study conducted in 2011. The study population was type-2 diabetes patients consulting an outpatient diabetes center in Isfahan, Iran. The sample included a group of 350 patients selected by the continuous sampling method. The self-management behavior of the patients was assessed using a diabetes self-management instrument (DSMI), containing questions on 5 domains. The responses were rated on a 5-point Likert scale and SPSS software, version 11.5 was used for analyzing the collected data.
Results: The response rate was 88%. The majority of the patients were 50-60 years (55.52 ± 8.42) old and 54.3% of them demonstrated borderline metabolic control according to the World Health Organization criteria. Mean scores of self-integration, self-regulation, interaction with health professionals and other influential persons, self-monitoring blood glucose, and adherence to recommended regime were 33.67±6.36, 29.09±5.9, 27.08±4.81, 11.71±3.91 and 11.46±2.9, respectively. On the whole, the global diabetes self-management behavior seemed to be not quite desirable (the score was at an intermediate level). Further analysis of the data revealed that self-management behaviors (at 3 levels, namely, desirable, intermediate, and undesirable) had significant associations (p<0.001) with demographic (age, gender, marital status, education level) and health-related (duration of diabetes, diabetes-related diseases, diabetes complications, general health, type of treatment, family income, and serum HbA1C level) variables. Self-management behavior had no association with disease history
Conclusion: Empowerment of patients afflicted with diabetes and, more generally, non-communicable diseases, which are quite prevalent and on the increase, in the area of self-management at the individual and community level will be a vital step towards promotion of health of the population.
Mohammad Hassan Eftekhari, Niaz Mohammadzadeh Honarvar, Abdolreza Rajaiefard, Ali Akbar Owji,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: It is known that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Consequently, use of antioxidant for treating and preventing complications of this disease is believed to be beneficial. Considering the antioxidant effects of soy isoflavones, this study was initiated to determine the effects of genistein, one of the isoflavones in soybeans, on serum glucose, lipid profile, and paraoxonase activity in diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats were divided randomly into three groups, in 2 of which diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of 60 mg/kg body weight stereptozotocine dissolved in a 0.05 mol/liter citrate buffer the criterion for diabetes was a plasma glucose level above 250 mg/dl. All the 3 groups were fed a standard diet for 3 weeks, genistein (95% purity) being added to the diet of one of the diabetic groups at a level of 600 mg/kg diet. Fasting blood samples from the tail were taken at baseline and at the end of the period for measuring glucose, lipids, and paraxonase activity. The statistical test used for data analysis and inter-group comparisons was ANOVA.
Results: Supplementation with genistein had no statistically significant effects on the serum paraxonase activity or glucose level, but it brought about significant decreases in the serum triglyceride and total, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol levels.
Conclusion: Genistein can potentially have a beneficial effect on diabetes-induced dyslipidemia
Mitra Faghihi, Azar Tol, Bahram Mohebbi, Roya Sadeghi, Mahmoud Mahmoudi Majdabadi,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (12-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Overcoming barriers of living with type-2 diabetes mellitus is a challenge in line with empowering patients for a well-managed life. This study was conducted to determine the effect of an educational intervention based on the BASNEF model on the living barriers among type-2 diabetes patients and factors affecting it.
Materials and Methods: This study, conducted in 2014, was a quasi-experimental intervention including a total of 90 type-2 diabetes patients under coverage of South of Tehran Health Centers, randomly divided, after a pre-test, into 2 groups ─ an experimental and a control (comparison) group. Based on the information obtained through the pre-test, a one-month education was imparted at the experimental group in 6 sessions the control group received no education. The educational contents included, based on the BASNEF model constructs, diabetes as a disease and its cardiovascular complications, healthy nutrition, physical activity, methods of self-monitoring blood glucose control, and ways of communication with the health personnel and physicians.
Results: The findings showed significant differences between the mean scores of constructs of the BASNEF model (beliefs, attitudes, subjective norm, enabling factors) and constructs of barriers of living with diabetes (diagnosis, treatment, self-monitoring, communication with health professionals) in both the experimental and control groups before and after the intervention (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: The findings of this study show the necessity of educating type-2 diabetes patients aiming at reducing barriers to living with the disease. The BASNEF model is one of the applicable theories that can be used to this end.
Shayesteh Khosravi, Amir Mansour Alavi Naeini, Ahmad Reza Dorosti Motlagh, Mostafa Ghorbani, Zahra Shateri,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (12-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common medical problems in pregnant women. Nutrition plays an important role in the prevention and control of this disease. Some studies have found a relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and food insecurity. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between food insecurity and GDM.
Material and Methods: : This case-control study included 274 pregnant women (137 GDM cases and 137 healthy controls) selected by convenience sampling. Data on the subjects’ food insecurity, demographic features and physical activity (MET) were collected by interviewing and their heights and weights measured. For the analysis of the data, the Chi-square test, independent sample t-test and multivariate and univariate logistic regression tests were used, the statistical software being SPSS 16.0.
Results: On the whole, 18.2% and 21.9% of the women in the case and control groups suffered from food insecurity, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the case and control groups with regard to a previous history of pregnancy, a family history of diabetes in the first and second degree relatives, and a history of giving birth to a baby weighing over 4 kgs.
Further analysis of the data showed a family history of diabetes mellitus and a low socio-economic status to be independent risk factors for GDB.
Conclusion: No statistically significant difference was observed between food insecurity of the women and gestational diabetes mellitus in this study. Despite this finding, considering that there are associations between food insecurity and other types of diabetes mellitus, we recommend further studies on this subject to be able to either accept or reject the hypothesis on the association between food insecurity and gestational diabetes mellitus.
Masoumeh Dashtian, Hasan Eftekhar Ardebili, Kambiz Karimzadeh Shirazi, Mostafa Shahmoradi, Kamal Azam,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Self-care has a vital role in the control and prevention of complications in patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), two important behaviors in self-care being medication adherence and physical activity. Regular physical activity has been shown to improve glycemic control, reduce blood pressure, reduce lipids and improve cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with T2DM. In addition, medication adherence is a key factor in controlling and decreasing the risk of related complications. This study aimed to determine and predict the most important factors affecting the levels of physical activity and medication adherence in patients with T2DM based on the theory of planned behavior.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study, based on the planned behavior theory, was performed on 160 selected men and women with T2DM referring to urban health centers in Yasuj, Iran in 2016; the selection was done by random cluster sampling. Data on medication adherence and physical activity were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software, the statistical tests being descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression; a p<0/05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.
Results: Altogether, 45% and 43% of the patients had a low and medium level of physical activity, respectively, only 12% having an acceptable level. The adherence to medication was much better ─ 76% had a good adherence. As regards the planned behavior theory constructs, perceived behavior control had a significant relationship with physical activity and medication adherence. Results of multiple linear regression also showed that perceived behavior control was a predictive variable for physical activity level and medication adherence in the patients.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, which indicate that the most important construct is perceived behavior control as regards medication adherence and level of physical activity, it is concluded that it is vital to strengthen the self-care component of health programs and support such programs.
Zahra Farahmand, Davoud Shojaeizadeh, Azar Tol, Kamal Azam,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common public health problems worldwide. Diabetic foot as a late complication of DM imposes high physical and emotional costs to the patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an educational program based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on diabetic foot care in type-2 DM patients.
Materials and Methods: Ninety seven (female=57, male=40) type-2 diabetes patients, randomly divided into two groups ̶ and intervention (n = 47) and a control group (n = 50) ̶ participated in this study. Using questionnaires data were collected, initially and 3 months after the educational intervention, on demographic characteristics, awareness and the HBM constructs. The intervention group participated in 3 educational sessions during the3-month period. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20, the statistical test being Shapiro-Wilk, Chi-Square, Wilcoxon, McNemar tests and paired T-Test.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences before the intervention between the experimental and control groups with respect to the mean scores of knowledge and HBM’s components (perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits and barriers, as well as self-efficacy and self-care). The intervention improved the scores significantly in the experimental groups (p<0.05), while there were no significant changes in the control group scores (p>0.05).
Conclusion: This study shows that type-2 diabetic patients need to learn how to take care of their feet and that implementing educational programs based on the Health Belief Model can be effective in this regard.
Baharak Bayati, Gholam Ali Afrooz, Anita Baghdasarians, Sogand Ghasemzadeh, Asadollah Rajab,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (12-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Families with diabetic children face various problems and challenges such as child psychological problems, behavioral problems and a low quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of promoting the quality of life of parents of diabetic children on clinical symptoms in their children.
Materials and Methods: This was a pre-test and post-test semi-experimental research with a control group. The statistical sample included 32 diabetic children and their parents, selected in 2 stages using the convenience random sampling method from among Tehran Diabetes Association members, randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. The experimental group received education about quality of life promotion in ten 2-hour sessions. Data were collected using the child clinical symptoms questionnaire (CSI-4-Child Symptom Inventory) and analyzed by multi-variate analysis of covariance using SPSS 20.
Results: The average post-test scores of emotional-behavioral symptoms in the experimental and control groups were significantly different (F=19.20, F=24.53, F=21.01, P<0.01). Furthermore, the experimental group mean scores were significantly lower than the control values, indicating a positive effect of the comprehensive quality of life promotion program on the children's emotional-behavioral symptoms.
Conclusion: Education about promoting the quality of life imparted to parents of diabetic children can significantly affect clinical symptoms in the diabetic children, decreasing the symptoms. Therefore, such education is recommended in order to promote the quality of life and reduce psychological distress in families of children with diabetes.
Mehrasa Mohammadsadeghi, Niaz Mohammadzadeh Honarvar, Mostafa Qorbani, Anahita Mansouri, Fariba Kouhdani,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Lipoprotein disorders are an integral component of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of lipid disorders can be beneficial in prevention and treatment of many complications associated with T2DM.The aim of this study wasto determine the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on the serum levels of apolipoproteins (Apos) A1, A2, B48 and C3 in patients withT2DM.
Materials and Methods: In this 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 44 T2DMpatients were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=22, receiving daily 2.4 g DHA) or a placebo group (n = 22, receiving paraffin). The serum levels of AposA1, A2, B48 and C3 were measured in all the patients at the beginning and at the end of the period.
Results: There was a statistically significant increase in the mean serum level of ApoA1 in the DHA group (p = 0.014). In addition, a significant difference was observed in the serum level of ApoC3 after intervention between the DHA and placebo group (p=0.031). There were no significant differences between the two groups as regards the mean changes in serum levels of ApoA1, ApoA2, ApoB48 and ApoC3.
Conclusions: Dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acidhasno effects on the serum levels of apolipoproteins in patients with type-2 diabetes.
Kourosh Holakouie Naieni, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Farzad Khodamoradi, Zahra Hosseinkhani, Mehdi Ranjbaran, Zohreh Foroozanfar, Yousef Alimohamadi, Solmaz Farrokhzad,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent and important health problems in the world.Considering the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in diabetic patients and the potential effects of its components on HbA1C in these patients, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of metabolic syndrome components on HbA1C in type-2 diabetic patients.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 157 diabetic patients regularly referring to the Diabetes Control Center in Qazvin City during 2014, where complete data about theirmetabolic syndrome components, as well as HbA1C levels were available. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression (α=0.05 for statistical significance).
Results: Based on the regression model, the effects of age, HDL-C and fasting blood glucose on HbA1C were statistically significant; the effects of other variables were nonsignificant. The R2value for the variables entered for prediction of HbA1C was found to be 0.45 (R2 = 45%).
Conclusion: Considering the significant relationship between some components of the metabolic syndrome such as HDL-C and fasting blood glucose on HbA1C in diabetic patients, it is essential to design and implement programs to reduce the level of HbA1C in these patients.
Saeedeh Pakdel Varjoei, Azar Tol, Roya Sadeghi, Mir Saeed Yekaninejad, Bahram Mohebbi,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Patient education is an essential component of diabetes control, and increasing the health knowledge of diabetic patients based on suitable educational theories is crucial. This study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention using the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) on improving the nutritional habits among patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus in Maragheh city, Iran during 2017-2018.
Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial conducted on 136 diabetic patients under coverage of Maragheh health centers, Maragheh city, Iran, randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control (68 participants in each group). The data collection tool was a three-part questionnaire with questions/items related to demographic characteristics and nutritional habits, as well as constructs of TTM and HbA1c based on the TTM. The educational program included four weekly sessions of 45-60 minutes each. The data were analyzed using the SPSS16 software, the statistical tests being descriptive and inferential tests such as ANCOVA; the significance level was set as a p-value < 0.05.
Results: Before the intervention, the comparison and control groups did not differ significantly as regards demographic variables, HbA1c, TTM constructs and nutritional habits (p<0.05). After the educational intervention, the mean scores of nutritional habits, constructs of TTM and HbA1c were statistically significant in patients with type 2 diabetes (p <0.01).
Conclusion: The study results reveal that the application of transtheorical model can improve the nutritional habits of diabetic patients.
Zahra Jamshidi, Bahram Mohebbi, Elham Shakibazadeh, Azar Tol, Mehdi Yaseri,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (6-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Patients with diabetes need continous support for sustainable self-care behaviors. The use of supportive forces to improve the level of self-management of diabetes is felt. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of direct and indirect virtual educational interventions on the promotion of self-management behaviors and diabetes control in women with type 2 diabetes. The study was conducted in 2019.
Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study included 100 females with type 2 diabetes under the coverage of three health centers affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, randomly divided into two groups of direct and indirect education (50 subjects in either group). A questionnaire was used as the standard tool of diabetes self-management. The education imparted to the subjects was based on the latest version of Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME), and the educational sessions were based on the Stanford University's self-management model, including six 90-minute sessions during three weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 statistical software, the statistical tests being covariance analysis, etc.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the direct and indirect educational groups as regards the self-management scores and HbA1c levels in the first and second pre-tests (p<0.05). However, both the self-management scores and HbA1c levels of the two groups, determined at 3- and 6-month follow-ups, were found to be statistically significantly different (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate the feasibility of using volunteers, after empowering them properly, to implement diabetes self-management educational interventions.
Mohammad Khammarnia, Mostafa Peyvand, Nasim Mohammadiyane Razangi,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Diabetes is a disease in which blood sugar level is high due to hormonal disturbances. Monitoring and evaluation certainly helps to prevent, manage and control this widespread disease. The aim of this study was to study the epidemiology of diabetes in the Diabetes Clinic in Bu-Ali Hospital, Zahedan in South East Iran.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study conducted in 2020 including all the 1164 patients referring to the Diabetes Clinic in Bu-Ali Hospital. Data were collected using a standard check list and analyzed using the Stata-v14 software.
Results: Information on 1164 patients with diabetes was recorded and analyzed. Most (97.7%) of the patients had type-2 diabetes. The average fasting blood sugar in patients with type-1 and type-2 diabetesd was 236 and 201 mg/dL respectively, the corresponding A1C levels being abnormally high ─ 9.6% and 8.4%. Fasting blood sugar was associated with diabetic foot complications and nephropathy (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study the level of care of diabetic patients in terms of quantity and quality is not quite acceptable, not conforming to the respective national standards. This issue indicates the unfavorable performance of the Diabetes Center, which can be attributed to the poor conditions of the geographic region, insufficient equipment and specialized manpower and low health literacy of the people. Therefore, increasing the awareness of overweight and obese people, especially those with a family history of diabetes, about prevention can help to reduce the incidence of the disease or minimize its complications.
Soheila Keshavarz, Kourosh Holakouie Naeini , Abbas Rahimi Foroushani ,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Despite all the current diabetes prevention programs, only a limited number of patients are identified and receive care.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study including individuals over 30 years old in Buin Zahra city, Iran selected using the multi-stage sampling method (sample size = 1154). Data were collected using a questionnaire for the general public and the health team, the validity and reliability of which had been determined based on the CVR and CVI indexes and the correlation coefficient, respectively.
Results: The average age of the sample and the prevalence of diabetes were 48.42 ± 14.45 years and 9.9%, respectively. Further analysis of the data showed the following:
1. the prevalence of diabetes in at-risk people: women with a history of abortion and large children, 12.8% and 31.7%, respectively; gestational diabetes 36.5%;
2. obesity during pregnancy: 19.7%; a family history of diabetes: 22.4%;
3. waist circumference>90 cm: 14.08%, BMI>25: 13.95%; and
4. triglyceride<200: 22%, hypertension: 32.97%.
Further analysis of the data showed statistically significant associations between diabetes and blood sugar level above 100 mg/dl (OR = 2.73), waist circumference >90 cm (OR = 3.02) and gestational diabetes (OR =12.22); no other significant associations were found.
Only 55% of the health team personnel had received diabetes prevention training.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that patient care and education are not of a proper quality. The considerable prevalence of diabetes among people at risk shows that more follow-up and care are needed for them. The training of health team personnel should be very efficient and the number of trainings related to the diabetes program should increase.
Mostafa Peyvand, Hossein Ansari, , , Mohamad Ali Yadegari, Hossein Moein,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (12-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim Cardiovascular complications in diabetes mellitus are one of the most common complications of this disease. The aim of this study was to determine the cumulative probability of occurrence of cardiac complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus using survival analysis in patients referring to the Diabetes Clinic, Bu-Ali Hospital, Zahedan, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical historical cohort study using the survival analysis method in 2020 on 410 patients referring to the Diabetes Clinic, Bu-Ali Hospital, Zahedan, Iran. Data were collected and analyzed using the SPSS-v21 software, the statistical tests being descriptive tests, followed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model of survival.
Results: The results of this study showed that 122 individuals (29.7%) of the diabetic patients had cardiac complications. The median survival time (in months) of the occurrence of cardiac complications was found to be related to fasting and two-hour postprandial blood sugar levels (p<0.05). Further analysis of the data showed that two variables, namely fasting blood sugar and regular visits, remained in the final model of the multiple Cox regression.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the cardiac complications of diabetes in the population studies are relatively high. Therefore, it is essential to plan and implement interventions aiming to change lifestyle and control regularly blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar in the patients in order to prevent the disease
