Showing 6 results for Life Expectancy
H Zeraati , M Mahmoudi , K Mohammad, A Kazemnejad, M.a Mohagheghi , M.r Mir ,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (7-2005)
Abstract
In recent years the patterns of mortality have changed in Iran, and cancers are playing
a greater role in this regard in this country. Various reports indicate that gastric cancer
is highly prevalent it is the second most common cancer in men, and fourth in the
general population. The purpose of this study was to determine the five-year survival
rate of gastric cancer patients who had undergone surgical treatment at one of the
most important cancer treatment centers, the Iran Cancer Institute, and to assess its
associated factors.
Three hundred and 30 patients with gastric cancer who had been admitted to and
operated on at the Iran Cancer Institute between January 1996 and April 2000 were
enrolled in this study. The patients’ life expectancy after surgery was determined, and
its relationship with variables of age at the time of surgery, gender, and factors related
to the disease such as the cancer site, pathologic type, stage, presence of metastasis,
and sites of metastases were assessed.
The five-year survival rate and the median life expectancy in the studied patients were
23.6% and 19.90 months, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that gender,
cancer site, and pathologic type did not affect life expectancy significantly. But the
five-year survival rate significantly decreases with age. As expected, those involved
with metastasis had a significantly lower five-year survival rate, and the disease stage
significantly affected the patients’ life expectancy (P<0.001). The Cox proportional
hazards model was used to assess the effect of different variables simultaneously, and
it showed that age, distance metastasis, and disease stage influenced the rate of
survival.
Gastric cancer patients in Iran have a low five-year survival rate. One of the most
important reasons seems to be delayed consultation and diagnosis. Most patients are
seen first with the disease in the late stages. At this point, most have lymph node and
liver metastasis which makes treatment even more complex. Thus, it is necessary to
employ mass media for extensive public education about the early warning signs of
the disease and performing periodic examinations.
M Behzadpoor, H Zeraati, M Mahmoudi, A Rahimi,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (8-2009)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Like other cancers, gastric cancer is due to uncontrolled growth of tissues. Although there are different therapy methods to treat it, such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and multimodality therapy, relapse and death may occur. Reports show that in Iran gastric cancer is the first cause of death among deaths due to cancers. The purpose of this study was to determine the two-year survival rate after relapsing and its associated factors among gastric cancer patients who had undergone surgical treatment in Iran Cancer Institute, one of the most important cancer treatment centers in Iran.
Methods and Materials: A total of 330 patients with gastric cancer who had been admitted to and operated on at the Iran Cancer Institute between January 1996 and April 2000 were enrolled in this study. The patients' life expectancy after relapse was determined. Survival was defined as the elapsed time between the two successive events, relapse and death, neither of which can be determined exactly therefore the data are doubly censored failure time data. Thus, the relationships between life expectancy at relapse and such variables as age, gender, and factors related to the disease, such as the cancer site, pathologic type, stage, and sites of metastases were determined using the Cox proportional hazards model.
Results: The two-year survival rate after relapsing and the median life expectancy after relapsing were 15% and 10.15 months, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that except disease stage, no other variable (age, gender, cancer site, pathologic type and sites of metastases) affected life expectancy after relapsing significantly. The Cox proportional hazards model for doubly censored failure time data showed that age, gender, and pathologic type had the highest influence, in a decreasing order, on the rate of survival after relapsing.
Conclusion: Two-year survival rate after relapsing is very low in gastric cancer patients. One of the most important reasons seems to be delayed consultation and diagnosis. Most patients seek medical advice first with the disease in the late stages, when most have lymph node, liver or even distant metastasis which makes treatment even more complex, and when the risk of relapse and death would be increased. Thus, early diagnosis and therapy for a common stomach illness could help prevent a potential gastric cancer.
Hamid Sepehrdoost, Samaneh Ebrahim Nasab,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (10-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Economic factors, including life insurance in financial sector may have a significant effect on health sector and consequently on the life expectancy of the society. The life insurance effects on health index indirectly through economic growth and directly through bringing mental relaxation and social welfare for the person applying for life insurance. The main purpose of this study was to investigate how life insurance demand and other economic factors effect on life expectancy index of the society.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the relevant data with respect to life expectancy as dependant variable and economic factors including life insurance demand have been collected from Organization of Islamic Conference ( OIC) countries for the years 2011 to 1998 using panel data analysis .
Results: The results of the study indicate a significant and statistically positive effect of life insurance demand on life expectancy index of the selected OIC countries. On the other hand, the variables such as financial development and per capita income also have significant positive effect, while the variables such as unemployment and inflation have significant negative effect on life expectancy index of health.
Conclusion: The results suggest that economic conditions improvement through lowering rate of unemployment, lowering rate of inflation, increase in per capita income and the financial market development could probably improve the condition of life expectancy in a society. Therefore, that is recommended for the planners to take into account the fundamental economic indicators specially life insurance consumption while planning for health and welfare betterment of the society.
Narges Salehnia, Hamed Mokhtari Torshizi, Hassan Ama Bandeh Gharaei, Seyed Mohammad Seyedi,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (6-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In addition to health costs, institutions are a factor influencing directly and indirectly the promotion of health in a country. Air pollution, the main cause of which is the industry and in the control and reduction of which the governments have an important role, is another important factor affecting the health situation in a country. This paper reports the results of a study on the health impact of institutions, considering health costs and air pollution.
Materials and Methods: The impact of institutions on health in 38 developing countries during the period 2006-2018 was determined using the threshold panel method, health proxy life expectancy index and good governance index as the quality of institutions and explanatory variables of misery, per capita income, health costs and happiness. Based on the CO2 threshold variable, the sample was divided into two homogeneous regimes and the model was obtained with EVIEWS (10) and Stata (15) software packages.
Results: The findings indicate that the governance index and happiness in both regimes are significantly positive. Health costs in the upper group were found not to be significant and in the lower group to have little effect on health. In addition, income was significant in both regimes, though with little effect. Finally, the misery index was also found to be significant, but its coefficient in the lower group was not in line with the relevant theories.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, institutions in developing countries play a major role and form a causal chain among other sectors which are very important in promoting health of the populations. Therefore, in order to promote health in these countries policies should be designed and implemented for institutional improvements.
Nazar Dahmardeh Ghale No, Atefeh Delgarm,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Economic complexity indicates the availability of knowledge within a country. Increasing economic complexity indicates an increased capacity of producing a diverse set of complex products. The complexity of the economic structure of a country is the main factor affecting social choices and human abilities, including but not limited to, employment and learning opportunities, and the employment status of an individual is an important determinant of his/her health status. Therefore, the production of advanced products depends to a large extent on the quality of human capital and knowledge. On the other hand, knowledge and education are widely recognized as promoting factors of the health of the population.
Materials and Methods: This research investigated the effect of the economic complexity index (ECI) on the health outcomes in seventeen selected countries in the region using panel data in the period 2001-2019 by using the quantile regression and the OLS ordinary least squares methods.
Results: Based on the findings of this study, ECI, globalization, economic growth and trade openness variables will improve health. However, despite this, the institutional quality variables, politics and urban population have not improved health in the countries studied.
Conclusion: The results of this research are particularly relevant to developing economies that usually suffer from poor health and low levels of economic complexity.
Elham Fatholahi, Mohammad Jafari,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In recent years the interrelationships among environment, energy and health have attracted increasing attention due to their significant impact on human health. This study aimed to investigate the complex interactions among environment, economy, development, energy and the health outcomes in Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this research the annual national data in Iran between 1981 and 2021 were used, using the fully modified least squares cointegration. The following variables affecting life expectancy at birth were included in the analysis: renewable energy consumption, health costs, air pollution, female literacy rate, inflation rate, Gini coefficient, GDP per capita, financial development and fossil fuel consumption.
Results: Data analysis showed the following: 1. financial development positively affects life expectancy with a coefficient of 0.037 ; 2. CO2 emissions and fossil fuel consumption decrease life expectancy by 0.015 and 1.02, respectively; 3. Renewable energy consumption and health expenses have improved life expectancy in Iran with positive coefficients of 0.025 and 0.035, respectively.
Conclusion: To improve health care outcomes action should be taken in the following areas: increasing health expenditures, increasing the use of renewable energy, reducing the use of fossil fuels, strengthening long-term financial development for easier access to medical treatments, decreasing disease risk, healthier lifestyles, and environmental quality improvement. In addition, as regards policy-making, planning to improve economic indicators can provide the basis for demand for healthy and educational goods and improve the health status of the society.
