Journal of School of Public Health and

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  Background and Aim: Economic factors, including life insurance in financial sector may have a significant effect on health sector and consequently on the life expectancy of the society. The life insurance effects on health index indirectly through economic growth and directly through bringing mental relaxation and social welfare for the person applying for life insurance. The main purpose of this study was to investigate how life insurance demand and other economic factors effect on life expectancy index of the society.

  Materials and Methods: In this study, the relevant data with respect to life expectancy as dependant variable and economic factors including life insurance demand have been collected from Organization of Islamic Conference ( OIC) countries for the years 2011 to 1998 using panel data analysis .

  Results: The results of the study indicate a significant and statistically positive effect of life insurance demand on life expectancy index of the selected OIC countries. On the other hand, the variables such as financial development and per capita income also have significant positive effect, while the variables such as unemployment and inflation have significant negative effect on life expectancy index of health.

  Conclusion: The results suggest that economic conditions improvement through lowering rate of unemployment, lowering rate of inflation, increase in per capita income and the financial market development could probably improve the condition of life expectancy in a society. Therefore, that is recommended for the planners to take into account the fundamental economic indicators specially life insurance consumption while planning for health and welfare betterment of the society.

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Background and Aim: Public health expenditures and the quality of governance are among factors affecting the health status of a population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction effects of good governance and public health expenditures on the health status of children in upper-middle income countries.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical applied study was performed using the panel data regression with the fixed effects method and quantile regression for panel data for the years 2000-2017 in 2020. The statistical population was upper-middle income countries, and annual time series data were extracted from the World Bank databases. The models and required tests were determined using the Stata-16 software.
Results: The coefficient of good governance variable and the index of interaction effects of good governance and the public health expenditures for the under-five child mortality as the dependent variable were -0.002 and -0.003, and for the infant mortality as dependent variable -0.002 and -0.002, respectively. Also, the coefficient of the index of the interaction effects of good governance and public health expenditures in the quantiles of 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 for the under-five child mortality as the dependent variable were -0.0333, -0.0447 and 0.048, and for the infant mortality as the dependent variable were was -0.044, -0.048 and -0.049, respectively.
Conclusion: Improvement of governance indicators will increase the efficiency of public health expenditures and improve the children’s health status. Therefore, in order to improve health status, especially in countries with higher child mortalities, it is recommended to improve good governance, increase public health expenditures and government investment in health infrastructure, as well as increase gross domestic product and women's employment.