Showing 8 results for Promotion
M Simbar,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (6-2010)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Rapid growth of Iran's population attracted attention of the authorities after the 1986 national census. This led to population control and family planning programs to be considered as a priority. Appropriate strategies of the family planning program led to a very fast decrease in population growth and fertility indices: and use of contraceptive techniquies rate increased from 49% in 1989 to 73.8% in 2007. This study aimed at reviewing family planning program in Iran (FPPI) during the last four decades and discussing the reasons for its success, as it can be a guide for future efforts aimed at improving other aspects of reproductive health.
Materials and Methods: The method used was systematic reviewing of articles indexed in Medline and University Jihad Scientific Database, reports of the Demographic and Health Project, the Iranian Statistical Center National Censuses, and the Ministry of Health and Medical Education reports on knowledge, attitude and practice.
Results: FPPI initiated officially in 1966 faced with limited success. Following the 1986 national census, population control was announced as a public policy, supported by the leaders. A supportive environment was created by mass media. Establishment of the Departments of Population and FP in the Ministry of Health made possible reorganizing family planning services: expanding coverage of PHC services, including FP services training skilled personnel providing free contraceptives and vasectomy and tubectomy services. Involvement of volunteers and NGOs helped in strengthening community actions. In order to develop personal skills, in addition to face-to-face FP counseling in the health centers, FP education in schools, colleges, workplaces, army and pre-marriage classes was also imparted. Promotion of men's participation in FPPI, by providing male methods of contraception, such as vasectomy or condom use, was also considered. There was also cooperation and support on the part of nongovernmental and international organizations.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it may be concluded that the principles of health promotion can explain the FPP achievements in Iran. This model can be used in expanding other reproductive health programs in Iran.
H Mohamadian, H Eftekhar Ardebili, A Rahimi Foroushani, M.h Taghdisi, D Shojaiezade,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (2-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Presently not sufficient attention is paid to adolescent health promotion in many countries, because of the widespread belief that adolescents are generally healthy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate predictors of adolescent girls' quality of life using path analysis based on Pender's health promotion model.
Materials and Methods: The Pender's health promotion model served as the framework of this cross-sectional study, which included a total of 500 adolescent girls (grades 9-11) selected by stratified random sampling from 20 high schools for girls in 4 districts of Kashan province, Iran. Inclusion criteria were being in grades 9-11 and a written informed consent (from teachers, parents and the girls themselves). Data were collected through interviewing the girls, the interviewers being trained persons, using several standard questionnaires (for perceived self-efficacy, perceived affect, perceived barriers, perceived social support health promoting lifestyle, and health-related quality of life). Data analysis was done using SPSS18 and LISREL 8.8, the statistical test being path analysis.
Results: All constructs of the health promotion model and health promoting lifestyle were significantly related to adolescent girls' quality of life. Perceived self-efficacy (β=0.70, p<0/01) and perceived affect (β=0.21, p<0/01) had the highest correlation with the quality of life. The model and the health-promoting lifestyle as a mediator accounted for 73% and 39% of variance in adolescent girls' quality of life, respectively.
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the health promotion model can be used to explain and predict the quality of life of adolescent girls. Thus, the Pender's health promotion model is recommended to health planners for promoting the quality of life in this population.
P Taymoori, A Falhahi, N Esmailnasab,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (8-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: There is evidence that physical activity declines during adolescence in Western countries. However, this pattern has not yet been shown in Iranian youth. The purpose of this study was to detect changes in physical activity behaviors, psychological factors (including perceived benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy), and interpersonal influences associated with exercise behavior during the transition from secondary school to high school in Sanandaj, Iran.
Materials and Methods: The data on a group of high school students in Sanadaj were collected in a cross-sectional study in 2006, with a follow-up in 2009. The study population in 2009 included 844 students (51% males and 49% females) with a mean age of 16.42 ± 1.73 years. Data on physical activity-related perceived benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and interpersonal influences, as well as physical activity behavior, was collected, using self-reporting questionnaires. The SPSS-16 software was used for data analysis.
Results: The test of time effects indicated significant differences between the 2 sexes as regards physical activity and most of the psychological variables and interpersonal influences associated with exercise activities. The girls had less physical activity than boys at both time points. The duration of moderate physical activity at the first time point was 31.82 and 53.75 minutes for girls and boys, respectively the corresponding values at the follow-up were 23.7 and 44.7 minutes. Girls had lower self-efficacy and fewer perceived benefits and more perceived barriers for physical activity over time. The correlation test indicated more stability of family interpersonal influences for girls than for boys.
Conclusion: The results of this study provide evidence for decreased physical activity in boys and girls and sex differences in cognitive variables and interpersonal influences.
Kaveh Bahmanpour, Rounama Nouri, Heidar Nadrian, Behzad Salehi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (11-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: This paper reports on the predictors of high school students' oral health behaviors (OHBs) based on the Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM) in an attempt to identify effective factors that may be addressed through intervention efforts.
Materials and Methods: A multistage cluster sample of 403 high school students were recruited from 8 high schools in Marivan County, Iran. The study was conducted between April and July, 2010. Appropriate instruments were used to measure the relevant variables. The statistical analysis of the data included bivariate correlations, t-test, one-way ANOVA and linear regression.
Results: All HPM variables (perceived self-efficacy, perceived benefits and barriers, activity-related affects, interpersonal and situational influences and commitment to a plan of OHBs) were significantly related to OHBs among the respondents (p < 0.01), and a negative association was found between OHBs and perceived barriers (p < 0.01). All HPM variables were statistically significant predictors of OHBs and accounted for 42.2% of the variance.
Conclusion: Promotion of interpersonal influences and the students' perceived self-efficacy and also commitment to a plan of action should be priorities of any program aimed at promoting OHBs among students. School health care providers should suggest strategies to overcome the barriers of performing OHBs, rather than noting the benefits of these behaviors.
Nastaran Keshavarz, Farah Bahreyni, Safoura Degpasand,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (3-2015)
Abstract
Background an Aim: Community-based health promotion program encompasses actions aiming at enabling individuals, organizations and communities for enhancing behaviors and creating a healthier environment. Considerable experiences regarding community health promotion and community-based health promotion exists in Iran, but they have not been documented adequately.
Materials and Methods: This paper reports some of the findings of a situation assessment project of community-based health promotion programs in Iran, including typology of community-based health promotion programs and critical analysis of challenges and threats, discussing potential opportunities to improve community-based health interventions. All the available reports, official documents, information and published papers related to community-based health promotion programs implemented in Iran were examined.
Results: The majority of health-related interventions excluding three national programs, namely, the volunteers, community health workers (Behvarzes) and polio eradication programs, were categorized in three large groups ─ community-based initiatives, community-based participatory research, and community-based addiction prevention. Many of these programs were not community-based in the true sense of the word.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that in Iran, unlike many other countries, the majority of the interventions are initiated and implemented at the national level with good organizational support. Although implementation of such programs is generally considered feasible in Iran, it seems that the available opportunities have not been adequately exploited for their implementation.
Mohammad Azimi, Yousef Adib, Hossein Matlabi,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (6-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The content of the hygiene education and health promotion course in schools is crucial for raising the awareness of, and development of hygiene culture in, pupils. In this study we aimed to develop a hygiene education course with a fully suitable content.
Materials and Methods: In this research the content analysis technic using the "Shannon Entropy" method was used, in which data processing in discussing the content analysis is done with a new approach both quantitatively and qualitatively. In the information theory entropy is an index to measure the uncertainty which is expressed by a likelihood distribution. The content was investigated considering the respondents’ perspectives (all textbooks of elementary school sixth grade) and 12 main elements and 58 sub-elements related to hygiene education and health promotion.
Results: The results of content analysis based on the Shannon Entropy showed that the element of mental health with 732 items and physical activity with 735 items had the maximum frequencies, while the control and prevention of diseases with 6 items had the minimum frequency.
Conclusion: In the official textbooks some elements of health education are treated insufficiently or not at all, despite the fact that health is the most important factor in the progress of the society and a guarantee for survival. Thus, designing, implementation and management of the health component of national development plans are extremely vital.
Mostafa Maleki, Ali Mousavizadeh, Saadat Parhizkar, Mohsen Shamsi,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In Iran the rate of Cesarean section is reported to be 48%, which is higher than the acceptable rate recommended by WHO (15%). This study was conducted to determine the effect of an intervention based on social marketing on the reduction of intention to choose Cesarean section by primigravidae in Boyer-Ahmad County, Iran in 2015.
Materials and Methods: In this field trial 39 primigravidae three to four months pregnant who had an intention to choose Cesarean section for delivery participated. A formative research (a quantitative survey and a qualitative study) was done to achieve the social marketing mix, and based on the results a tailored intervention was designed and pretested on the subjects. The final intervention was implemented for a period of one month and its effectiveness assessed after at least one month by a proportion test.
Results: The average age of the women was 25.82 years. The proportion of the women with a high school (or lower) and university education was 38.5% and 61.5%, respectively. One month after the intervention thirty of the pregnant women expressed willingness and intention to have a normal delivery, which was a statistically significant change (p=0.01).
Conclusion: An educational intervention based on the consumer-oriented social marketing theory can be effective in designing, implementing and evaluating a program aiming at reducing Cesarean section intention.
Mohammad Azimi, Ali Eghbali,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (5-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Man, as the Creator of God and the Creator of Creatures, has a right, one of which is the right to a healthy life, and this type of life can only be achieved through useful training. In this regard, comprehensive health education in schools is one of the most important pillars for the health of the next generation of the country. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the content of health components and promote the health of primary school books based on the assumptions of the health system with emphasis on education to increase the quality of primary school health.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, content analysis method was used. The statistical population of this study was all second grade elementary school books of 2016-2017 (5 volumes). Statistical sample is equal to statistical population. The research tool was Shanon Entropy, which presents data processing in the context of content analysis in a new and quantitative way.
Results: The results of Shannon's entropy content analysis showed that the review of the 5 primary elementary second-level mental health books had the highest frequency with 236, and the least amount of disability with 10. The highest coefficient of importance among health components in elementary second grade was related to the components of nutrition health (0/21) and the lowest coefficient of prevention to high risk behaviors was (0/019).
Conclusion: Findings show that attention to each component of health education and health promotion is different; therefore, it can be concluded that some components of primary education textbooks pay less attention to some components of health education, while that health education and consequently health promotion is the most important factor in the advancement and guarantee of community survival. Designing, implementing, and managing health development programs is more than any other underlying concept such as health.
