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Assessment of factors affecting self-care behavior among women with type 2 diabetes in Khoy City Diabetes Clinic using the extended theory of reasoned action
Alireza Didarloo, Davood Shojaeizadeh, Hasan Eftekhar Ardebili, Shamseddin Niknami, Ebrahim Hajizadeh, Mohammad Alizadeh,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (11-2011)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Many studies show that the only way to control diabetes and prevent its debilitating complications is continuous self-care. This study aimed to determine factors affecting self-care behavior of diabetic women in Khoy City, Iran based the extended theory of reasoned action (ETRA).

Materials and Methods: A sample of 352 women with type 2 diabetes referring to a Diabetes Clinic in Khoy City in West Azarbaijan Province, Iran participated in the study. Appropriate instruments were designed to measure the relevant variables (diabetes knowledge, personal beliefs, subjective norm, self-efficacy and behavioral intention, and self-care behavior) based on ETRA. Reliability and validity of the instruments were determined prior to the study. Statistical analysis of the data was done using the SPSS-version 16 software.

Results: Based on the data obtained, the proposed model could predict and explain 41% and 26.2% of the variance of behavioral intention and self-care, respectively, in women with type-2 diabetes. The data also indicated that among the constructs of the model perceived self-efficacy was the strongest predictor for intention for self-care behavior. This construct affected both directly and indirectly self-care behavior. The next strongest predictors were attitudes, social pressures, social norms, and intervals between visiting patients by the treating team.

Conclusion: The proposed model can predict self-care behavior very well. Thus, it may form the basis for educational interventions aiming at promoting self-care and, ultimately, controlling diabetes.


Factors affecting self-care in women with osteoporosis: a qualitative study with the content analysis approach
Arezoo Fallahi, Siamak Derakhshan, Tahereh Pashaee, Parvaneh Teymoori,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (9-2015)
Abstract

  Background and Aim: Although self-care is known to affect favorably the control and treatment of osteoporosis, the effective factors from the patients’ viewpoint have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to explore factors affecting self-care from the viewpoint of women suffering from osteoporosis.

  Materials and methods: This was a qualitative study conducted with a content analysis approach in 2014, including 15 women consulting the bone mass densitometry centers in Sanandaj, Iran, selected by purposeful sampling. The inclusion criteria were women aged &ge 50 years suffering from osteoporosis diagnosed definitively at least 6 months before, a T-score index > -2.5 (lower back or hip bone), taking drugs upon a physician’s advice, ability to speak, and willingness to participate in the study. Data were collected through face-to-face and group semi-structured in-depth interviews and analyzed using the content analysis method. The accuracy and rigor of the data were confirmed based on such criteria as credibility, confirmability and transferability.

  Results: Five main categories were extracted including “ background factors of the disease ”, “hope and weakness in confrontation with the disease”, “role of the physician”, “role of the family”, and “administrative centers and organizations”. Based on further analysis of the data, 11 subcategories were emerged including “cultural issues”, “lack of knowledge”, “non-priority of health”, “weakness and fear”,

  “hope for the future” , “positive role of the physician”, “negative role of the physician”, “ active role of the family”, “ passive role of the family”, “ role of the media”, and “information centers”.

  Conclusion: The finding of the study show that the responsibility of women suffering from osteoporosis towards their health is not a single-factor, but rather a multifactorial, phenomenon. Pre-requisites for empowering women to adopt self-care behaviors include increasing their hope to live longer, physician’s attention to the patient’s needs, increasing health promotion programs in the media, and strengthening role of the family (particularly role of men).


The Needs of Self-Care and Community Mental Health Education
Zahra Validabady, Mozhgan Lotfi,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (6-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Among the valuable developments in the primary health care system has been the special attention paid to the issue of mental health and the addition of a self-care program for community mental health education. However, no integrated measures have been taken in relation to the needs of service recipients, educational priorities and the required facilities. This study was conducted to explain the priorities of this program in primary health care centers affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative study with a content analysis approach. The sample consisted of 12 stakeholders selected by purposive sampling with maximum diversity. Data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews and a modified checklist of the Community Health Needs Assessment Program and analyzed using the Granheim and Landman approach.
Results: Based on data analysis, the needs were grouped into two main categories, namely, the needs of service providers and the needs of service recipients. The service providers’ needs included continuous coordination with non-health sectors, a virtual education and information system and continuous training and educational supervision, as well as appropriate space, facilities and equipment, while the of needs of service recipients were classified based on services needed for age groups, namely, services for children, adolescents and young people, adult and middle-aged, elderly and others.
Conclusion: Identifying needs can lead to the optimal use of limited resources aiming at imparting applied education and training. The results of this research can be an effective step towards expansion based on the needs for mental health education and a great help in achieving the goals of this program in primary health care centers. Based on the results it is recommended to plan personnel training and revise the services based on the identified needs in order to increase the effectiveness of this program.
 
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Positive Thinking Skills Training and Behavioral Activation Therapy in Self-Care and Corona Stress in Patients with Diabetes
Sedigheh Rostami, Hamzeh Akbari, Hassan Abdollahzadeh,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Self-care behaviors are the most common behavioral response in attempts to prevent corona stress in patients with diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of positive thinking skills training and behavioral activation therapy on self-care and corona stress in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Materials and Methods: This was a semi-experimental study using a pretest-posttest and follow-up design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population included all the diabetic patients referring to the Vanoshe Diabetes Clinic in Qaemshahr city, Iran in 2020-2021, from among whom 45 patients were selected by accessible sampling technic based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly divided into three 15-member groups, namely,  positive thinking skills training, behavioral activation therapy and a control group. The first and second experimental groups received positive thinking skills training in six 60-minute virtual sessions and behavioral activation therapy training in eight 70-minute virtual sessions, respectively, and the control group was in the waiting list. Data were collected using the Corona Stress Scale "CSS-18" and the Summery of Diabetes Self-Care Activities "SDSCA" and analyzed using the repeated measures of variance analysis and the Bonferroni post hoc test with SPSS-22.
Results: The findings revealed that there was a significant difference between the two experimental groups and the control group. Both the positive thinking skills training and behavioral activation therapy interventions reduced corona stress (F= 15.73) and increased self-care (F= 16.17) in the patients, and the effects of the interventions in the follow-up phase were found to be continuing (p <0.05). In addition, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that positive thinking skills raining was more effective than behavioral activation therapy on corona stress reduction (IJ= 9.02), while as regards self-care the behavioral activation therapy (IJ= 12.93) was more effective (p <0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the findings it can be concluded that positive thinking skills training and behavioral activation therapy interventions can be effective in improving self-care and corona stress reduction among diabetic patients. It is recommended that therapists and counselors use, in addition to other treatment methods, these therapies to improve the self-care and corona stress reduction in diabetic patients.
 
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