Showing 9 results for Type-2 Diabetes
Ali Malekshahi Moghadam, Ahmad Saedi Someolia, Mahmoud Jalali, Fereshteh Sojoudi,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (3-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Omega-3 fatty acids can reduce inflammation in diabetic patients via special mechanisms. The objective the current study was to investigate the effects dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in type 2 diabetes patients.
Materials and Methods: This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 57 subjects with type-2 diabetes. The participants were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups receiving either an omega-3 fatty acid supplement (containing 1584 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, 828 mg docosahexaenoic acid, and 338 mg other omega-3 fatty acids) or a placebo tablet (containing 2100 mg sunflower oil) for a period of 8 weeks.
Results: The serum TNF-α and IL-2 concentrations decreased significantly in the omega-3 fatty acid group in comparison with the placebo group (in both cases, p<0.01). The intervention did not bring about any statistically significant changes in the serum CRP concentrations.
Conclusion: Considering the beneficial effects of omega-3 dietary fatty acid supplements on the 2 inflammatory biomarkers, namely TNF-α and IL-2, type-2 diabetes patients are recommended to consume such supplements or foodstuffs rich in omega-3 fatty acids, e.g., fish.
Azar Tol, Gholamreza Sharifi Rad, Ahmad Ali Eslami, Fatemeh Alhani, Mohammad Reza Mohajeri Tehrani, Davoud Shojaeezadeh,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Diabetes mellitus is a widespread disease. Diabetes patients should be fully familiar with the different dimensions of this chronic disease and possess the skills required for self-management and self-care. They should realize that each patient is a different case. It is to be noted that promoting self-management behavior is an essential component of case management in type-2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to assess self-management behavior of type-2 diabetes patients in Isfahan, Iran and determine factors influencing it.
Materials and Methods: This was a 6-month cross-sectional study conducted in 2011. The study population was type-2 diabetes patients consulting an outpatient diabetes center in Isfahan, Iran. The sample included a group of 350 patients selected by the continuous sampling method. The self-management behavior of the patients was assessed using a diabetes self-management instrument (DSMI), containing questions on 5 domains. The responses were rated on a 5-point Likert scale and SPSS software, version 11.5 was used for analyzing the collected data.
Results: The response rate was 88%. The majority of the patients were 50-60 years (55.52 ± 8.42) old and 54.3% of them demonstrated borderline metabolic control according to the World Health Organization criteria. Mean scores of self-integration, self-regulation, interaction with health professionals and other influential persons, self-monitoring blood glucose, and adherence to recommended regime were 33.67±6.36, 29.09±5.9, 27.08±4.81, 11.71±3.91 and 11.46±2.9, respectively. On the whole, the global diabetes self-management behavior seemed to be not quite desirable (the score was at an intermediate level). Further analysis of the data revealed that self-management behaviors (at 3 levels, namely, desirable, intermediate, and undesirable) had significant associations (p<0.001) with demographic (age, gender, marital status, education level) and health-related (duration of diabetes, diabetes-related diseases, diabetes complications, general health, type of treatment, family income, and serum HbA1C level) variables. Self-management behavior had no association with disease history
Conclusion: Empowerment of patients afflicted with diabetes and, more generally, non-communicable diseases, which are quite prevalent and on the increase, in the area of self-management at the individual and community level will be a vital step towards promotion of health of the population.
Mitra Faghihi, Azar Tol, Bahram Mohebbi, Roya Sadeghi, Mahmoud Mahmoudi Majdabadi,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (12-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Overcoming barriers of living with type-2 diabetes mellitus is a challenge in line with empowering patients for a well-managed life. This study was conducted to determine the effect of an educational intervention based on the BASNEF model on the living barriers among type-2 diabetes patients and factors affecting it.
Materials and Methods: This study, conducted in 2014, was a quasi-experimental intervention including a total of 90 type-2 diabetes patients under coverage of South of Tehran Health Centers, randomly divided, after a pre-test, into 2 groups ─ an experimental and a control (comparison) group. Based on the information obtained through the pre-test, a one-month education was imparted at the experimental group in 6 sessions the control group received no education. The educational contents included, based on the BASNEF model constructs, diabetes as a disease and its cardiovascular complications, healthy nutrition, physical activity, methods of self-monitoring blood glucose control, and ways of communication with the health personnel and physicians.
Results: The findings showed significant differences between the mean scores of constructs of the BASNEF model (beliefs, attitudes, subjective norm, enabling factors) and constructs of barriers of living with diabetes (diagnosis, treatment, self-monitoring, communication with health professionals) in both the experimental and control groups before and after the intervention (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: The findings of this study show the necessity of educating type-2 diabetes patients aiming at reducing barriers to living with the disease. The BASNEF model is one of the applicable theories that can be used to this end.
Masoumeh Dashtian, Hasan Eftekhar Ardebili, Kambiz Karimzadeh Shirazi, Mostafa Shahmoradi, Kamal Azam,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Self-care has a vital role in the control and prevention of complications in patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), two important behaviors in self-care being medication adherence and physical activity. Regular physical activity has been shown to improve glycemic control, reduce blood pressure, reduce lipids and improve cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with T2DM. In addition, medication adherence is a key factor in controlling and decreasing the risk of related complications. This study aimed to determine and predict the most important factors affecting the levels of physical activity and medication adherence in patients with T2DM based on the theory of planned behavior.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study, based on the planned behavior theory, was performed on 160 selected men and women with T2DM referring to urban health centers in Yasuj, Iran in 2016; the selection was done by random cluster sampling. Data on medication adherence and physical activity were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software, the statistical tests being descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression; a p<0/05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.
Results: Altogether, 45% and 43% of the patients had a low and medium level of physical activity, respectively, only 12% having an acceptable level. The adherence to medication was much better ─ 76% had a good adherence. As regards the planned behavior theory constructs, perceived behavior control had a significant relationship with physical activity and medication adherence. Results of multiple linear regression also showed that perceived behavior control was a predictive variable for physical activity level and medication adherence in the patients.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, which indicate that the most important construct is perceived behavior control as regards medication adherence and level of physical activity, it is concluded that it is vital to strengthen the self-care component of health programs and support such programs.
Zahra Farahmand, Davoud Shojaeizadeh, Azar Tol, Kamal Azam,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common public health problems worldwide. Diabetic foot as a late complication of DM imposes high physical and emotional costs to the patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an educational program based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on diabetic foot care in type-2 DM patients.
Materials and Methods: Ninety seven (female=57, male=40) type-2 diabetes patients, randomly divided into two groups ̶ and intervention (n = 47) and a control group (n = 50) ̶ participated in this study. Using questionnaires data were collected, initially and 3 months after the educational intervention, on demographic characteristics, awareness and the HBM constructs. The intervention group participated in 3 educational sessions during the3-month period. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20, the statistical test being Shapiro-Wilk, Chi-Square, Wilcoxon, McNemar tests and paired T-Test.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences before the intervention between the experimental and control groups with respect to the mean scores of knowledge and HBM’s components (perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits and barriers, as well as self-efficacy and self-care). The intervention improved the scores significantly in the experimental groups (p<0.05), while there were no significant changes in the control group scores (p>0.05).
Conclusion: This study shows that type-2 diabetic patients need to learn how to take care of their feet and that implementing educational programs based on the Health Belief Model can be effective in this regard.
Mehrasa Mohammadsadeghi, Niaz Mohammadzadeh Honarvar, Mostafa Qorbani, Anahita Mansouri, Fariba Kouhdani,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Lipoprotein disorders are an integral component of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of lipid disorders can be beneficial in prevention and treatment of many complications associated with T2DM.The aim of this study wasto determine the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on the serum levels of apolipoproteins (Apos) A1, A2, B48 and C3 in patients withT2DM.
Materials and Methods: In this 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 44 T2DMpatients were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=22, receiving daily 2.4 g DHA) or a placebo group (n = 22, receiving paraffin). The serum levels of AposA1, A2, B48 and C3 were measured in all the patients at the beginning and at the end of the period.
Results: There was a statistically significant increase in the mean serum level of ApoA1 in the DHA group (p = 0.014). In addition, a significant difference was observed in the serum level of ApoC3 after intervention between the DHA and placebo group (p=0.031). There were no significant differences between the two groups as regards the mean changes in serum levels of ApoA1, ApoA2, ApoB48 and ApoC3.
Conclusions: Dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acidhasno effects on the serum levels of apolipoproteins in patients with type-2 diabetes.
Kourosh Holakouie Naieni, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Farzad Khodamoradi, Zahra Hosseinkhani, Mehdi Ranjbaran, Zohreh Foroozanfar, Yousef Alimohamadi, Solmaz Farrokhzad,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent and important health problems in the world.Considering the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in diabetic patients and the potential effects of its components on HbA1C in these patients, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of metabolic syndrome components on HbA1C in type-2 diabetic patients.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 157 diabetic patients regularly referring to the Diabetes Control Center in Qazvin City during 2014, where complete data about theirmetabolic syndrome components, as well as HbA1C levels were available. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression (α=0.05 for statistical significance).
Results: Based on the regression model, the effects of age, HDL-C and fasting blood glucose on HbA1C were statistically significant; the effects of other variables were nonsignificant. The R2value for the variables entered for prediction of HbA1C was found to be 0.45 (R2 = 45%).
Conclusion: Considering the significant relationship between some components of the metabolic syndrome such as HDL-C and fasting blood glucose on HbA1C in diabetic patients, it is essential to design and implement programs to reduce the level of HbA1C in these patients.
Saeedeh Pakdel Varjoei, Azar Tol, Roya Sadeghi, Mir Saeed Yekaninejad, Bahram Mohebbi,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Patient education is an essential component of diabetes control, and increasing the health knowledge of diabetic patients based on suitable educational theories is crucial. This study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention using the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) on improving the nutritional habits among patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus in Maragheh city, Iran during 2017-2018.
Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial conducted on 136 diabetic patients under coverage of Maragheh health centers, Maragheh city, Iran, randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control (68 participants in each group). The data collection tool was a three-part questionnaire with questions/items related to demographic characteristics and nutritional habits, as well as constructs of TTM and HbA1c based on the TTM. The educational program included four weekly sessions of 45-60 minutes each. The data were analyzed using the SPSS16 software, the statistical tests being descriptive and inferential tests such as ANCOVA; the significance level was set as a p-value < 0.05.
Results: Before the intervention, the comparison and control groups did not differ significantly as regards demographic variables, HbA1c, TTM constructs and nutritional habits (p<0.05). After the educational intervention, the mean scores of nutritional habits, constructs of TTM and HbA1c were statistically significant in patients with type 2 diabetes (p <0.01).
Conclusion: The study results reveal that the application of transtheorical model can improve the nutritional habits of diabetic patients.
Soheila Keshavarz, Kourosh Holakouie Naeini , Abbas Rahimi Foroushani ,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Despite all the current diabetes prevention programs, only a limited number of patients are identified and receive care.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study including individuals over 30 years old in Buin Zahra city, Iran selected using the multi-stage sampling method (sample size = 1154). Data were collected using a questionnaire for the general public and the health team, the validity and reliability of which had been determined based on the CVR and CVI indexes and the correlation coefficient, respectively.
Results: The average age of the sample and the prevalence of diabetes were 48.42 ± 14.45 years and 9.9%, respectively. Further analysis of the data showed the following:
1. the prevalence of diabetes in at-risk people: women with a history of abortion and large children, 12.8% and 31.7%, respectively; gestational diabetes 36.5%;
2. obesity during pregnancy: 19.7%; a family history of diabetes: 22.4%;
3. waist circumference>90 cm: 14.08%, BMI>25: 13.95%; and
4. triglyceride<200: 22%, hypertension: 32.97%.
Further analysis of the data showed statistically significant associations between diabetes and blood sugar level above 100 mg/dl (OR = 2.73), waist circumference >90 cm (OR = 3.02) and gestational diabetes (OR =12.22); no other significant associations were found.
Only 55% of the health team personnel had received diabetes prevention training.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that patient care and education are not of a proper quality. The considerable prevalence of diabetes among people at risk shows that more follow-up and care are needed for them. The training of health team personnel should be very efficient and the number of trainings related to the diabetes program should increase.
