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Exposure to psychological violence among the nursing staff in a large teaching hospital in Tehran
E Teymoorzadeh, A Rashidian, M Arab, A Akbari Sari, M Ghasemi ,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (10-2009)
Abstract

Background and Aim: By providing the greatest amount of direct service to patients, nurses play an extremely valuable and unmatched role in the quality and efficiency of care and curative services. Workplace violence is regarded as one of the factors which can reduce job satisfaction and the quality of working life of nurses and their interaction with patients, as well as the work efficiency of nurses and hospitals. In this study, after translating and validating tools of violence measurement in the health sector, the exposure of nurses to psychological violence was measured in a large teaching hospital in Tehran

Methods and Materials: A descriptive-cross sectional design was used in this study in summer of 2009 (1387). The study population included all the nurses (n=413) working in a large teaching hospital in Tehran. The questionnaire used for collecting data was adopted from a standardized questionnaire designed jointly in 2003 by the International Labor Office, the World Health Organization, the International Council of Nurses, and the Public Services International. Analysis of the data was made using the descriptive statistical methods and the Chi square- and t-tests.

Results: Sixty-nine percent of the nurses had experienced workplace violence. The most common forms of violence were verbal abuse (%64) and bullying-mobbing (%29). On the whole, 26% of the nurses had experienced both forms of violence in the previous year, while 335 had not faced any form of violence in their workplace. Nurses working in outpatient clinics and emergency wards experienced the highest number of encounters with verbal abuse. Encounters with bullying and mobbing were more common among female nurses than the male ones. Overall most of the violent behaviors were committed by patients and their relatives.

Conclusion: Exposure of nurses to psychological violence is considerable and comparable to that reported by previous investigators in other countries. Thus it is highly crucial to adopt appropriate management policies aiming, particularly, at educating the medical personnel in ways of preventing and reporting violent behaviors.


Identifying the Components of Electronic Teaching and Learning in the Workplace
Leila Mohamadi, Azam Rastgoo, Asghar Nakhostin, Nooraldeen Mirzaee, Saeid Mazbouhi,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The objective of this research was to identify the components of electronic foundation data theory teaching and learning in the workplace.
Materials and Methods:  This research was conducted using qualitative content analysis with a conventional content analysis approach. The statistical population was comprised of two groups: 1.Three sources of information (a sample of 26 out of 317 textbooks, scientific articles and theses/dissertations) selected by judgment sampling; 2. Relevant specialists and experts (a sample of 22) selected according to the theoretical saturation technic. The methods and tools used to collect data and information included archival surveys and field studies (interviews and questionnaires).
Results: For the primary coding, 644 categories were identified and converted into 45 secondary categories based on common conceptual aspects, which were finally became nine (9) main themes in the axial coding phase; these themes were used to build the thematic network.
Conclusion: The research model shows that the following nine categories are involved in electronic teaching and learning in the workplace: 1). organization and management; 2). information and contents; 3). interaction and communication; 4). characteristics of the person who teaches; 5). effectiveness; 6). technical quality; 7). learning objectives; 8). learning requirements, and 9). electronic education dimensions.
 
The Experience of Medical Residents at Iran University of Medical Sciences Regarding Respect in the Workplace: A Qualitative Study
Hadi Kasbkar, Maryam Rasoulian,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (3-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Medical residents play a pivotal role in the healthcare system of a country. Their mental health directly influences their professional performance and commitment. This study aimed to explore medical residents’ experiences of respect in the workplace and identify instances of disrespect within hospital environments.
Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative study in which data were collected using in-depth individual interviews and focus group discussions. Data were recorded, transcribed and analyzed through content analysis and coding-categorization methods. Qualitative content analysis was performed using the MAXQDA software (Version 20).
Results: The findings revealed that medical residents face numerous challenges, including injustice, verbal abuse, bullying and excessive workload. Educational inequity, overwhelming workloads, and unfair evaluations were identified as manifestations of injustice. Verbal violence, disrespect from the staff, and offensive language exemplified instances of disrespect. Coercion to perform tasks beyond their responsibilities and violations of human rights were categorized as bullying behaviors. These conditions have led to psychological stress, frustration, reduction of incentive and in some cases the use of psychiatric medications, and diminished motivation among residents.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that the working environments for medical residents in many hospitals and educational centers are stressful and unsuitable. Reforms in educational, managerial and support systems are urgently needed to improve these conditions. Respectful behavior not only reduces stress and enhances job satisfaction but it also contributes to the professional development of residents.
 
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