Volume 82, Issue 11 (February 2025)
Tehran Univ Med J 2025, 82(11): 849-856 |
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Sayadinia M, Seyed Mirzayi S M, Vatankhah M, Malekshoar M, Zarei T, Razavi B M. Investigating the frequency of anterograde amnesia after endoscopy with midazolam as a premedication. Tehran Univ Med J 2025; 82 (11) :849-856
URL: http://tumj.tums.ac.ir/article-1-13407-en.html
URL: http://tumj.tums.ac.ir/article-1-13407-en.html
Investigating the frequency of anterograde amnesia after endoscopy with midazolam as a premedication
Mehrdad Sayadinia *1 
, Seyed Mohamad Seyed Mirzayi2 , Majid Vatankhah3 , Mehrdad Malekshoar3 , Tayyebeh Zarei3 , Bibi Mona Razavi3
, Seyed Mohamad Seyed Mirzayi2 , Majid Vatankhah3 , Mehrdad Malekshoar3 , Tayyebeh Zarei3 , Bibi Mona Razavi3
1- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
2- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
3- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Management Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
2- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
3- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Management Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Abstract: (1172 Views)
Background: Endoscopy is a common medical procedure that often involves the administration of sedative agents to ensure patient comfort and cooperation. Midazolam, a short-acting benzodiazepine, is commonly used as a premedication for its anxiolytic and amnestic properties. Despite its widespread use, there is limited research specifically assessing the occurrence of anterograde amnesia, a potential side effect associated with midazolam administration during endoscopic procedures. Understanding the frequency of this adverse effect is crucial for optimizing patient safety and procedural outcomes.
Methods: In this prospective cohort study After obtaining approval and ethical clearance, patients eligible for endoscopy at Bandar Abbas Shahid Mohammadi Hospital were included in the study. They received 2mg midazolam intravenously before the procedure, followed by propofol for anesthesia maintenance. A memory test involving personal details was conducted before and after the procedure to assess progressive amnesia. Additionally, patients were asked about the procedure 5 minutes before discharge.
Results: 342 endoscopy candidates participated, with an average age of 46.77 years, over half being men. Less than a quarter had a diploma. Average endoscopy time was 2.96 minutes, mostly ASA class 2. Recall scores after midazolam injection and endoscopy were 5.22 and 2.87, respectively. Post-graduate education showed a significant difference in midazolam amnesia. No significant gender difference was observed. Longer endoscopy duration correlated with decreased recall scores. ASA class 2 patients had lower post-endoscopy recall scores than ASA class 1. Recall scores decreased with age, with the highest in the 19-29 age range, a statistically significant finding.
Conclusion: This study In conclusion, this study provided valuable insights into the factors influencing midazolam anterograde amnesia. Key findings include a significant association between higher education levels, particularly post-graduate education, and increased recall scores after midazolam injection. Gender did not show a significant impact on midazolam amnesia, but the duration of endoscopy played a crucial role. Additionally, patients in ASA class 2 exhibited lower recall scores than those in class 1, highlighting the influence of overall health status. Age also emerged as a factor, with the youngest age group showing the highest recall scores after endoscopy. These findings contribute to our understanding of factors affecting midazolam-induced amnesia during endoscopy procedures.
Methods: In this prospective cohort study After obtaining approval and ethical clearance, patients eligible for endoscopy at Bandar Abbas Shahid Mohammadi Hospital were included in the study. They received 2mg midazolam intravenously before the procedure, followed by propofol for anesthesia maintenance. A memory test involving personal details was conducted before and after the procedure to assess progressive amnesia. Additionally, patients were asked about the procedure 5 minutes before discharge.
Results: 342 endoscopy candidates participated, with an average age of 46.77 years, over half being men. Less than a quarter had a diploma. Average endoscopy time was 2.96 minutes, mostly ASA class 2. Recall scores after midazolam injection and endoscopy were 5.22 and 2.87, respectively. Post-graduate education showed a significant difference in midazolam amnesia. No significant gender difference was observed. Longer endoscopy duration correlated with decreased recall scores. ASA class 2 patients had lower post-endoscopy recall scores than ASA class 1. Recall scores decreased with age, with the highest in the 19-29 age range, a statistically significant finding.
Conclusion: This study In conclusion, this study provided valuable insights into the factors influencing midazolam anterograde amnesia. Key findings include a significant association between higher education levels, particularly post-graduate education, and increased recall scores after midazolam injection. Gender did not show a significant impact on midazolam amnesia, but the duration of endoscopy played a crucial role. Additionally, patients in ASA class 2 exhibited lower recall scores than those in class 1, highlighting the influence of overall health status. Age also emerged as a factor, with the youngest age group showing the highest recall scores after endoscopy. These findings contribute to our understanding of factors affecting midazolam-induced amnesia during endoscopy procedures.
Type of Study: Original Article |
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